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1、TheUniverseinaNutshellALSOBYSTEPHENHAWKINGABRIEFHISTORYOFTIMEBLACKHOLESANDBABYUNIVERSESANDOTHERESSAYSTheUniverseinaNutshellLONDON•NEWYORK•TORONTO•SYDNEY•AUCKLANDABookLaboratoryBookTRANSWORLDPUBLISHERS61-63UxbridgeRoad,LondonW55SAadivisionofTheRandomHouseGroupLtdRANDOMHOUSEAUSTRALIA(PTY)LTD
2、20AlfredStreet,MilsonsPoint,Sydney,NewSouthWales2061,AustraliaRANDOMHOUSENEWZEALANDLTD18PolandRoad,Glenfield,Auckland10,NewZealandRANDOMHOUSESOUTHAFRICA(PTY)LTDEndulini,5aJubileeRoad,Parktown2193,SouthAfricaPublished2001byBantamPressadivisionofTransworldPublishersCopyright©StephenHawking20
3、01Originalillustrations©2001byMoonrunnerDesignLtdUKandTheBookLaboratory™Inc.TherightofStephenHawkingtobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyrightDesignsandPatentsAct1988.AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.ISBN059304
4、8156Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublishers.PrintedinGreatBritainbyButlerandTannerLtd,Frome,Somerset357910864FOREWO
5、RD~viiCHAPTER1~page3ABriefHistoryofRelativityHowEinsteinlaidthefoundationsofthetwofundamentaltheoriesofthetwentiethcentury:generalrelativityandquantumtheory.CHAPTER2~page29TheShapeofTimeEinstein'sgeneralrelativitygivestimeashape.Howthiscanhereconciledwithquantumtheory.CHAPTER3~page67TheUni
6、verseinaNutshellTheuniversehasmultiplehistories,eachofwhichisdeterminedbyatinynut.CHAPTER4~page101PredictingtheFutureHowthelossofinformationinblackholesmayreduceourabilitytopredictthefuture.CHAPTER5~page131ProtectingthePastIstimetravelpossible?Couldanadvancedcivilizationgobackandchangethep
7、ast?CHAPTER6~page155OurFuture?StarTrekorNot?Howbiologicalandelectroniclifewillgoondevelopingincomplexityataneverincreasingrate.CHAPTER7~page173BraneNewWorldDoweliveonabraneorarewejustholograms?GlossarySuggestedfurtherreadingsAcknowledgmentsIndexFOREWORDFOREWOR