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1、Hydrobiologia(2017)803:1–12DOI10.1007/s10750-017-3331-zMANGROVESINCHANGINGENVIRONMENTSThestateoftheworld’smangrovesinthe21stcenturyunderclimatechangeIlkaC.Feller.DanielA.Friess.KenW.Krauss.RoyR.LewisIIIReceived:4April2017/Revised:28July2017/Accepted:31July2017/Publishedonline:13September2017ÓSpring
2、erInternationalPublishingAG(outsidetheUSA)2017AbstractConcertedmangroveresearchandreha-thisspecialissueofHydrobiologiadedicatedtothebilitationeffortsoverthelastseveraldecadeshaveimportantandrecurringMangroveandMacrobenthospromptedabetterunderstandingoftheimportantMeeting.Thiscollectionofpapersrepre
3、sentsstudiesecosystemattributesworthyofprotectionandabetterpresentedatthefourthsuchmeeting(MMM4)heldinconservationethictowardmangrovewetlandsglob-St.Augustine,Florida,USA,onJuly18–22,2016.Ourally.Whilemangrovescontinuetobedegradedandintentistoprovideabalancedmessageaboutthelostinspecificregions,cons
4、ervationinitiatives,reha-globalstateofmangrovewetlandsbydescribingbilitationefforts,naturalregeneration,andclimaterecentreductionsinnetmangrovearealossesandrangeexpansionhavepromotedgainsinotherareas,highlightingprimaryresearchstudiespresentedatultimatelyservingtocurbthehighmangrovehabitatMMM4throu
5、ghacollectionofpapers.Thesepaperslossstatisticsfromthedoomandgloomofthe1980s.servenotonlytohighlighton-goingglobalresearchWehighlightthosetrendsinthisarticleandintroduceadvancements,butalsoprovideanoverviewofthevastamountofdataonmangroveecosystemecology,biologyandrehabilitationthatemphasizestheuniq
6、ue-Guesteditors:K.W.Krauss,I.C.Feller,D.A.Friess,nessofthemangrovecommunity.R.R.LewisIII/CausesandConsequencesofMangroveEcosystemResponsestoanEver-ChangingClimateKeywordsBiologyDeforestationExtentI.C.Feller(&)MangroveexpansionRestorationSea-levelriseSmithsonianInstitution,SmithsonianEnvironmen
7、talResearchCenter,647ConteesWharfRoad,Edgewater,MD21037,USAe-mail:felleri@si.eduIntroductionD.A.FriessDepartmentofGeography,NationalUniversityofTropicalandsub-tropicalmangroveforestsarecon-Singapore,1ArtsLi
