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1、SingaporeJournalofLegalStudies[2009]5279COURTINGRELIGION:THEJUDGEBETWEENCAESARANDGODINASIANCOURTSThioLi-ann∗Religionisalmostuniversallyguaranteedasafundamentallibertyandhumanright,althoughthescopeofreligiousfreedomandunderstandingsofreligiousidentitywithins
2、eculardemocraciesareinformedbythespecificmodelofconstitutionalsecularismpracticed.Statesoftenevidenceanambivalentattitudetowardsreligion,treatingitasLawsOther,thatis,acompetingnormativesystemwhichhasregulativeforceonsocialbehaviourandinfluencesconceptionsofci
3、tizenshipandaffectiveloyalties.ThisarticleexaminestheinterpretivemethodoftwosecularAsiancourts,whicharemeanttobebastionsofimpartiality,innegotiatingquestionsofreligiousidentityandreligiousfreedom.Itanalysesthejudicialweightingandbalancingofrelevantcompeting
4、factorsandconsidersthevariedunderstandingofwhatsecularityrequiresandwhethertheconcernsofreligiousminoritiesareadequatelysafeguardedwithinsecularpolitieswherereligionremainsanimportantsocialforce.I.IntroductionFreedomofReligionisanintegralcomponentofthecorpu
5、sofcorehumanrights,onerootedinpeacetreatiesdatingbacktothe17thCentury1andfindingexpressioninnumerousconstitutionsandhumanrightsinstruments,suchasarticle18ofthe1948UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights(UDHR).2Religiouslibertymaybeconsideredthefirstliberty,thebasis
6、ofafreesocietywhichprotectstherightofitsmemberstoseekanswerstofundamentalorfirstorderhumanquestions,suchas,∗Ph.D.(Cambridge);LL.M(Harvard);B.A.(Oxford)(Hons),Barrister(GraysInn,U.K.),NominatedMemberofParliament(EleventhSession);Professor,FacultyofLaw,Nationa
7、lUniversityofSingapore.1Mostfamouslythe1648TreatyofWestphaliaprovidedthateachprincehadtherighttodeterminethereligionofhisownstate(cuiusregio,eiusreligion).Forexample,ArticleXXVIIstatesthatallthoseoftheConfessionofAusburg(Lutherans)shouldhavethefreeExerciseo
8、ftheirReligion,aswellinpublickChurchesattheappointedHours,asinprivateintheirownHouses.Fulltextofthetreatyavailableonline:(visited15May2009).Seegene
