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1、GodtheKnownandGodtheUnknownGodtheKnownandGodtheUnknownBYSAMUELBUTLER1GodtheKnownandGodtheUnknownPrefatoryNote"GODtheKnownandGodtheUnknown"firstappearedintheformofaseriesofarticleswhichwerepublishedin"TheExaminer"inMay,June,andJuly,1879.SamuelButlersubsequentlyrevisedthetextofhiswork,presumablywith
2、theintentionofrepublishingit,thoughhenevercarriedtheintentionintoeffect.InthepresenteditionIhavefollowedhisrevisedversionalmostwithoutdeviation.Ihave,however,retainedafewpassageswhichButlerproposedtoomit,partlybecausetheyappeartometorenderthecourseofhisargumentclearer,andpartlybecausetheycontainch
3、aracteristicthoughtsandexpressionsofwhichnoneofhisadmirerswouldwishtobedeprived.InthelistofButler'sworks"GodtheKnownandGodtheUnknown"follows"LifeandHabit,"whichappearedin1877,and"Evolution,OldandNew,"whichwaspublishedinMay,1879.Itisscarcelynecessarytopointoutthatthethreeworksarecloselyakininsubjec
4、tandtreatment,andthat"GodtheKnownandGodtheUnknown"willgainininterestbybeingconsideredinrelationtoitspredecessors.R.A.STREATFEILD2GodtheKnownandGodtheUnknownCHAPTER1INTRODUCTIONMANKINDhaseverbeenreadytodiscussmattersintheinverseratiooftheirimportance,sothatthemorecloselyaquestionisfelttotouchthehea
5、rtsofallofus,themoreincumbentitisconsidereduponprudentpeopletoprofessthatitdoesnotexist,tofrownitdown,totellittoholditstongue,tomaintainthatithaslongbeenfinallysettled,sothatthereisnownoquestionconcerningit.Sofar,indeed,hasthisbeencarriedthroughalltimepastthattheactionswhicharemostimportanttous,su
6、chasourpassagethroughtheembryonicstages,thecirculationofourblood,ourrespiration,etc.etc.,havelongbeenformulatedbeyondallpowerofreopeningquestionconcerningthem-themerefactormanneroftheirbeingdoneatallbeingrankedamongthegreatdiscoveriesofrecentages.Yettheanalogyofpastsettlementswouldleadustosupposet
7、hatsomuchunanimitywasnotarrivedatallatonce,butratherthatitmusthavebeenprecededbymuchsmouldering[sic]discontent,whichagainwasfollowedbyopenwarfare;andthatevenafterasettlementhadbeenostensiblyarrivedat,therewasstil
