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1、Section2 BeijingOperaandLocalOperasTheHistoryofChineseOperaTraditionalChineseoperaisthecreamoftheChineseculture.Itcamefromthesonganddanceoftheprimitivesociety.(1)intheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod:sorcerer’sdanceinthefeudalsociety,orcomedian’sd
2、ance,(2)intheHanDynasty:acrobaticstovaudeville;(3)intheTangDynasty:canjunxi(militarystaffofficers’performance),thestoriesbecamemoreandmorecomplicated,andthewholethinggraduallybecameacombinationofdifferentkindsofarts.TheHistoryofChineseOpera(4)Zaju(poeticdramase
3、ttomusic,usuallyconsistingoffouractscalledZhe,withonecharacterhavingthesingingroleineachZhe)intheSongDynastyandYuanben(orZaju)intheJinDynasty:werecomparativelycompleteformsoftraditionalChineseopera.(5)ThebirthofZajuintheYuanDynastymarkedthematurityoftraditional
4、Chineseopera.IntheMingDynasty,thereappearedZajuandChuanqi(poeticorversedramas).(6)DuringthereignofEmperorJiajingoftheMingDynasty,KunOpera,otherwiseknownasKungshanqiangorKunqu(bothqiangandqumeaningopera),cameintobeing.AsoneofChina’srepresentativeclassicaloperas,
5、itnurturedandnourishedmanyoperas,hencethemotherofoperas.TheHistoryofChineseOpera(7)IntheQingDynasty,Chuanqicontinuedtobepopular.Localoperasflourished,includingKunqiang,Gaoqiang,Xuansuoqiang,Bangziqiang,andPihuangqiang.(8)DuringthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQing
6、Dynasty,operasweredividedintoHuabuandYabu.Theformer,alsocalledLuantuan,referstolocaloperaswhilethelattertoKunOperaonly,whichwasgraduallyonthewanebecauseitwasonlyenjoyedbythenoblesintheroyalcourt,notthegeneralpublic.AnditwasatthishistoricmomentthatBeijingOpera,a
7、lsoknownasPekingOpera,emerged.BeijingOpera(atreasureoftheChinesenation,aculturalsymbol)1.ThefeaturesofBeijingOpera:arefinedclassicalart.Richincontent,perfectinformanduniqueinstyle;thesingingismelodiousandsensational;therecitationvividlybrief,andharmoniouslyrhyt
8、hmic;Themusicisgracefulandcharming;thestageartisbrightandcolorful;thefacialmake-upisadistinctivefeature.Fourmajorroles:sheng(male),dan(female),jing(paintedface),chou(clown)I
