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1、中庸TheUniversalOrderandConductofLife上海师范大学外国语学院李照国何谓“中庸”子程子曰，不偏之谓中；不易之谓庸。中者，天下之正道。庸者，天下之定理。此篇乃孔门传授心法，子思恐其久而差也，故笔之於书，以授孟子。其书始言一理；中散为万事；末复合为一理。放之，则弭六合；卷之，则退藏於密。其味无穷。皆实学也。善读者，玩索而有得焉，则终身用之，有不能尽者矣。第一章天命之谓性；率性之谓道；修道之谓教。Theordinanceofheaveniswhatwecallthelawofourbei
2、ng.Tofulfillthelawofourbeingiswhatwecallthemorallaw.Themorallawwhenreducedtoasystemiswhatwecalleducation.道也者，不可须臾离也；可离，非道也。Themorallawisalawfromwhoseoperationwecannotforoneinstantinourexistenceescape.Alawfromwhichwemayescapeisnotthemorallaw.是故君子戒慎乎其所不睹，恐惧乎其所
3、不闻。Whereforeitisthatthemoralman(君子)watchesdiligentlyoverwhathiseyescannotseeandisinfearandaweofwhathisearscannothear.莫见乎隐，莫显乎微。故君子慎其独也。Thereisnothingmoreevidentthanwhatcannotbeseenbytheeyesandnothingmorepalpablethanwhatcannotbeperceivedbythesenses.Whereforet
4、hemoralmanwatchesdiligentlyoverhissecretthoughts.喜、怒、哀、乐之未发，谓之中。发而皆中节，谓之和。中也者，天下之大本也。和也者，天下之达道也。Whenthepassions,suchasjoy,anger,griefandpleasure,havenotawakened,thatisourtrueself(中)ormoralbeing.Whenthesepassionsawakenandeachandallattainduemeasureanddegree,th
5、atisthemoralorder(和).Ourtrueselformoralbeingisthegreatreality(大本lit.greatroot)ofexistence,andmoralorderistheuniversallawintheworld.致中和，天地位焉，万物育焉。Whentruemoralbeingandmoralorderarerealized,theuniversethenbecomesacosmosandallthingsattaintheirfullgrowthanddevel
6、opment.第二章仲尼曰，「君子中庸；小人反中庸。」Confuciusremarked,“Thelifeofthemoralmanisanexemplificationoftheuniversalmoralorder.Thelifeofthevulgarperson,ontheotherhand,isacontradictionoftheuniversalmoralorder.”君子之中庸也，君子而时中。小人之反中庸也，小人而无忌惮也。“Themoralman’slifeisanexemplification
7、oftheuniversalorder,becauseheisamoralpersonwhoconstantlyliveshistrueselformoralbeing.Thevulgarperson’slifeisacontradictionoftheuniversalorder,becauseheisavulgarpersonwhoinhishearthasnoregardfor,orfearof,themorallaw.”第三章子曰：中庸其至矣乎！民鲜能久矣。Confuciusremarked,“Tofi
8、ndandgetintothetruecentral(中)balanceofourmoralbeing,i.e.ourtruemoralordinary(庸)self,thatindeedisthehighesthumanattainment.Peopleareseldomcapableofitforlong.”第四章子曰：道之不行也，我知之矣：知者过之；愚者不及也。道之不明也，我知之
