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1、LouvreLouvre,nationalartmuseumofFranceandthepalaceinwhichitishoused,locatedinParis,ontherightbankoftheSeineRiver.Thestructure,until1682aresidenceofthekingsofFrance,isoneofthelargestpalacesintheworld.Itoccupiesthesiteofa13th-centuryfortress.ThebuildingoftheLouvrewasbegunin1546inthereignof
2、FrancisI,accordingtotheplansoftheFrencharchitectPierreLescot.AdditionsweremadetothestructureduringthereignsofalmosteverysubsequentFrenchmonarch.UnderHenryIV,intheearly17thcentury,theGrandeGalerie,nowthemainpicturegallery,whichborderstheSeine,wascompleted.UnderNapoleonIIIawingonthenorthsi
3、de(alongtheruedeRivoli)wasfinished.Bythemid-19thcenturythevastcomplexwascompleted;coveringmorethan19hectares(48acres),itisamasterpieceofarchitecturaldesignandsculpturaladornment.In1793theLouvrewasopenedasapublicmuseum,andtheFrenchpainterJacques-LouisDavidwasappointedheadofacommissiontoad
4、ministerit.In1848itbecamethepropertyofthestate.ThenucleusoftheLouvrecollectionsisthegroupofItalianRenaissancepaintings—amongthemseveralbyLeonardodaVinci—whichwereownedbyFrancisI,acollectorandpatronofnote.TheholdingsweresignificantlyenrichedbyacquisitionsmadeforthemonarchybyCardinalRichel
5、ieuandbyCardinalMazarin,whowasinstrumentalinpurchasingworksthathadbelongedtoCharlesIofEngland.NapoleondepositedintheLouvrethepaintingsandworksofartseizedduringhisEuropeanconquests;afterhisdownfall,however,manyoftheseworkswererestoredtotheiroriginalowners.Sincethattimeincreasingnumbersofg
6、ifts,purchases,andfindsbroughtbackfromarchaeologicalexpeditionshavepermanentlyenrichedthemuseum.Amongitsgreatesttreasuresaretwoofthemostfamoussculpturesoftheancientworld,theVictoryofSamothraceandtheVenusdeMilo,andLeonardo'sfamousportrait,MonaLisa.TheLouvrealsoholdsworksbytheotherItalianm
7、astersRaphaelandTitianandpaintingsbythenorthernartistsPeterPaulRubensandRembrandt.ProtectionofalltheLouvre'spricelessmasterpiecesduringthetwoworldwarswaseffectedbytheirremovaltosecretdepositoriesoutsideParis.Thecollectionsofthemuseumareadministeredbysevencuratorialdepartm
