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1、Biosurfactant姓名：吕梅玲学号：SY1227111化学与环境学院导师：江雷IntroductionBiosurfactants(amphiphiliccompounds)(synthesizedbymicroorganisms)hydrophobic(nonpolar)hydrophilic(polar)thatconferabilitytoaccumulatebetweenfluidphasessuchasoil/waterorair/water,reducingthesurfaceandinterfacialtensionsandform
2、ingemulsions.household、industryandagriculturemono-,oligo-orpolysaccharides(多糖）,peptides（缩氨酸）orproteinssaturated,unsaturatedandhydroxylatedfattyacidsorfattyalcoholsPseudomonasaeruginosa（绿脓假单胞菌）Acinetobactercalcoaceticus（醋酸钙不动杆菌）emulsan（乳化剂）Candidabombicola（假丝酵母菌）sophorolipids（槐糖脂）
3、(Originally)hydrocarbonsdissolutionagentsfood,pharmaceuticalandoilindustry(recently)applicationenvironmentalfriendlyeasilybiodegradablelowtoxicityuniquestructuresRhamnolipids(鼠李糖脂）.ClassificationBiosurfactantsarecategorizedbytheirchemicalcomposition,molecularweight,physico-chemic
4、alpropertiesandmodeofactionandmicrobialorigin.Basedonmolecularweighttheyaredividedintolow-molecular-massbiosurfactantsandintohigh-molecular-massbiosurfactants.Oneofthebest-studiedglycolipidsisrhamnolipid,producedbyseveralspeciesofP.seudomonads（假单胞菌）,whichconsistsoftwomolesofrhamn
5、oseandtwomolesofβ-hydroxydecanoicacid.Thelowmolecularweightbiosurfactantsaregenerallyglycolipidsinwhichcarbohydratesareattachedtoalong-chainaliphaticacid(脂肪酸）orlipopeptides（脂肽）.Glycolipidbioemulsifiers,suchasrhamnolipids（鼠李糖脂）,trehaloselipids（海藻糖脂）andsophorolipids（槐糖脂）,aredisacch
6、arides（二糖）thatareacylatedwithlong-chainfattyacidsorhydroxyfattyacids.Thehighmolecularweightsurfactantsarelesseffectiveinreducinginterfacialtension,butareefficientatcoatingtheoildropletsandpreventingtheircoalescence.Thesearehighlyefficientemulsifiersthatworkatlowconcentrations(0.0
7、1%–0.001%),representingemulsifier-to-hydrocarbonratiosof1:100–1:1000.Thehighmolecularweightbacterialsurfactantsareproducedbyalargenumberofbacterialspeciesfromdifferentgeneraandarecomposedofpolysaccharides（多糖）,proteins,lipopolysaccharides（脂多糖）,lipoproteins（脂蛋白）orcomplexmixturesoft
8、hesebiopolymers.otherscanalsoemulsifypur
