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1、动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式或不定式短语可起名词,形容词和副词的作用,在句中做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语和宾语补足语。一,不定式在句中的作用:1、主语:不定式做主语时
2、,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。eg:Tomakeanewdresstakesheralotoftime.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注:常用it做形式主语,将todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡。句型1:It+谓语+todoeg:Ittakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型2:It’s+n.+todoeg:It’sourdutytohelpthepoor.句型3:Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.注:for/ofsbtodosth为不定式复合结构。1)of引起的复合结构只能做主语。eg
3、:It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.2)for引起的复合结构在句中可做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语等。eg:Anothermethodisforthemtoleaveatonce.(表语)We’dbetterfindsomeworkforthechildrentodo.(定语)Heputthepaperondeskforyoutoread.(状语)Whathetoldhermadeitimpossibleforhimtogoonherwork.(宾语)It’scommonforleavestofallfromthetreesinautu
4、mn.(主语)2、做表语:主语+系动词+不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)eg:Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).不定式toblame做表语,主动表被动.eg:Heistoblame.3).betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;be是助动词,无词义,其主语为具体名词(人/事物);tobe可用begoingto或will/shall代替,此时不定式是谓语的一部分,而不是表语.eg:Sheistoreturnnextweek.Hewasa
5、bouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.3.做定语:不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系.1).动宾关系:Ihavealotofworktodo.Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.2).主谓关系:Sheisthebestpersontofinishthework.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboat.3).修饰性关系(同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词.need,t
6、ime,way,right,chance,courage,reason,wish,movement.eg:Thereisnoneedforhimtocome.Hehasnotimetoreadthebook.4.做状语:1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表强调.eg:Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime.2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结
7、构中。eg:Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todoa).表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.eg:I’mveryhappytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome.b).说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况时,即与句中主语构
8、成逻辑上的动宾关系,主动表被动.interesting,difficult,ea