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1、构词法 前缀：通常改变词义后缀：通常改变词性a-:amoral不道德的apathy无情dis:dishonest,disappear,disloyal,disorderin/ir/il/im:incorrectinjusticeimpossibleillegalirregularnon:non-scientistnon-smokernon-stopun:unhappy,unreal,unofficial,unfair 3）贬义前缀mal-,mis-,pseudo-(伪…,假…)maltreat，malfunction机能失常，malnutritionmislead,misinfor
2、m,misfortunepseudoscientific,pseudo-realismwell:well-known,well-informed5)表示态度或倾向的前缀anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar,antiaircraft防空袭的contra-(反对，相反)：contradict,contra-dancecounter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American,pro-slavery6)表示时间或顺序ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife,ex-presidentfore-前，先：forefather,foreth
3、ought深谋远虑post-后的：post-war,postgraduatepre-前的：pre-war,prematurere-再：remarriage,reconsider7)表示地点的前缀extra-以外的：extra-official,extralegalfore-在前边:forehead,forefather,foretellinter-在…之间:international,interschooltele-远距离的:telecommunication,telescopetrans-穿越:transplantin-内,里:inside,inland,invadesuper-
4、在…之上:superstructure上层建筑8)表数字的前缀uni-（统一的）：uniform,unisex(男女皆宜的)mono-(单一):monologue,monoxide一氧化碳bi-(二个):bicycle,bi-lingualdi-(双倍的，两重的):dialogue,dioxide二氧化碳multi-(多的)：multimediasemi-（半的）semiautomatic半自动的hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球tri-(三个)：triangle,tricolor三色旗centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克有些前缀可改
5、变词性a-,be-,en/em-asleep,awakebefriend,belovedenforce,enable,endanger,encourage,enrich,enlarge常用后缀1.1.指人的后缀-eer:engineer,pioneer,volunteer-er/or:singer,teacher,visitor,actor-ess:actress,hostess-ster:youngster,gangster-an,ian,ese国家的人：Australian,American-ant,ent:assistant,applicant,dependant-ician
6、:electrician,technician-ist:scientist,communist,typist,chemist-ism:socialism,realism2.名词的后缀-age,-al,-ion/-sion/-ation/-tion,-dom,-hood,-ity,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,-ure,-ics,-logy3.形容词的后缀名词变形容词：-ed,-ful,-ish,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-c,-ous动词变形容词：-able/ible:arguable,permissible-tive/sive:talkative
7、,decisive4.副词的后缀－ly,-ward/wards5.动词的后缀-ate:attribute,calculate-en:blacken,redden,broaden,deepen-ify:beautify,certify,modify-ize/ise:analyze,modernize名词可数名词的复数形式：1.1.－s2.2.以s,x,ch,sh,+es3.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+es.4.4.o+es:heroes,potatoes,tom
