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1、省略句为了使讲话和行文简洁,句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况:(一)简单句中的省略1、省略主语:祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g.(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(括号内为省略的词语,下同)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.(It)Doesn’tmatter.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。e.g.(Thereis)Nosmoking.(Isthere)Anythingwrong?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to。e.g.----Areyougoingthe
2、re?----I’dliketo(gothere).Hedidnotgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).(动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuse…等动词宾语。tell,ask,want,expect,warn…等动词的宾补。形容词:glad,happy,pleased,delighted,…短语:begoingto,beaboutto,beableto,haveto,used
3、to,oughtto,…)注意:如果该宾语是be动词或完成时态,则须在to之后加上be或have。e.g.----Areyouanengineer?----No,butIwanttobe.----Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.----Well,heoughttohave.4、省略表语。e.g.----Areyouthirsty?----Yes,Iam(thirsty).5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g.Whatawonderfulfilm(itis)!(It’s)Simplyimpossible!6、介词的省略:e.g.Theoldmanhadno
4、difficulty(in)findinghishouse.一些固定词组:haveahardtime(in)doingsth.wastetime(in)doingsth.,spend…(in)doingsth.3prevent/stop…(from)…,bebusy(in)doing…,beengaged(in)doing…,there’snouse(in)doing…,…Hefailed(in)thegame.Thewarlasted(for)fouryears.(但在句首和与walk等连用不可)Comeandseeme(at)anytimeyoulike.(in,on,
5、at,by)Hestayed(at)homeallday.Hewalked(for)threeli.(表示距离的状语中)(In)Thiswayyouwillsucceed.7、名词所有格后面的名词,如果是表示住宅,店铺,教堂或者上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时常省略。e.g.Athersister’s(house),shespentapleasantweekend.8、连词的省略:notonly…but(also)…,whether…(ornot),so(that)9、情态动词should的省略insist,order,command,suggest,propose,ad
6、vise,demand,require,request,ask.It’snecessary/important/impossible/strange/natural/apity…10、同时省略几个成分。e.g.Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.----Haveyoufinishedyourwork?----(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.(二)并列句中的省略两个并列分句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。e.g.Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.
7、Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.(三)主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g.(I’m)Sorrytohearthatyouareill.(Itisa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分,用so或not(切不可用it或that)代替。e.g.----Ishecomingbacktonight?----Ithinkso.----Ishefeelingbettertoday?---