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ID:38840106
大小:2.90 MB
页数:77页
时间:2019-06-20
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1、Chapter4Microbialofmetabolism(新陈代谢)4.1Theoverviewofmetabolism(概述)4.1.1whatismetabolism(定义)Metabolism:isthetotalofallchemicalreactionsoccurringinthelivingcells,theflowofenergyandtheparticipationofenzymesmakemetabolismpassible.4.1.2theoverviewofmetabolism1.Twoparts:(1).Catabolism(分解代谢):largerandm
2、orecomplexmoleculesarebrokendownintosmaller,simplemoleculeswiththereleaseofenergyandreducingpower.(2).Anabolism(合成代谢):isthesynthesisofcomplexmoleculesfromsimpleoneswiththeinputofenergy.2.relationshipComplexmoleculessimplemolecules+ATP+[H]3.CharacteristicsOnenessDiversityParticularity4.Energyist
3、hecoreproblemofmetabolismPrimaryenergysourcesRadiantenergyandchemicalsubstancesUniversalenergysourceATP因此研究新陈代谢就是研究如何将最初能源转换成对一切生命活动都能利用的通用能源。Biologicaloxidation(生物氧化)Definite:发生在活细胞内一系列产能性氧化反应的总称;Styles:与氧结合,脱氢和失去电子三种;Process:脱氢、递氢和受氢;Functions:产能(ATP)、产还原力([H])、产小分子中间代谢物Sorts:呼吸、无氧呼吸和发酵以葡萄糖作为
4、生物氧化的典型底物。在生物氧化的脱氢阶段中,可通过四条途径来完成其脱氢反应,并伴随还原力和能量的产生,下面就分别介绍它的四条脱氢途径:4.2.1EMPpathway(p80,E2)4.2BiologicaloxidationandenergyproductionofheterotrophsGlucose①↓HexokinaseGlucose6-phosphate②↓PhosphoglucolsomeraseFructose6-phosphate③↓PhosphofructokinaseFructose1,6-bisphosphat④AldolaseGlyceraldehyde3-ph
5、osphate⑤⑤dihydroxyacetonephosphate⑥↓↑glyceraldehyde3-phosphatedehydrogenase1,3-bisphosphoglycerate⑦↓↑Phosphoglyceratekinase3-phosphoglycerate⑧↓↑phosphoglyceratemutase2-phosphoglycerate⑨↓↑enolasePhosphoenolpyruvate⑩↓↑pyruvatekinasepyruvatePart1Six-carbonstagePart2Three-carbonstage甘油醛-3-磷酸磷酸二羟丙
6、酮1,3-二磷酸-甘油酸甘油酸-3-磷酸甘油酸-2-磷酸磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸丙酮酸葡萄糖葡萄糖-6-磷酸果糖-6-磷酸果糖-1,6-二磷酸ATPADPATPADPADPADPATPATPNAD+PiNADH①↓己糖激酶②↓↑磷酸葡萄糖异构酶③↓磷酸果糖激酶④醛缩酶⑤⑥↓↑3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶⑦↓↑磷酸甘油酸激酶⑧↓↑磷酸甘油酸变位酶⑨↓↑烯醇酶⑩↓丙酮酸激酶Part1Six-carbonstagePart2Three-carbonstage甘油醛-3-磷酸磷酸二羟丙酮1,3-二磷酸-甘油醛甘油酸-3-磷酸甘油酸-2-磷酸磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸丙酮酸葡萄糖葡萄糖-6-磷酸果糖-6-磷酸果糖-
7、1,6-二磷酸ATPADPATPADPADPADPATPATPNAD+PiNADH1分子葡萄糖为底物10步反应2分子ATP2分子丙酮酸2分子NADH+H+Totalreaction:Glucose+2ADP+2Pi+2NAD+→2pyruvates+2ATP+2NADH+2H+EMP途径的生理功能4.2.2PPPpathway6-磷酸-葡萄糖6-磷酸-葡萄糖酸5-磷酸-核酮糖5-磷酸-木酮糖5-磷酸-核糖转酮醇酶转醛醇酶甘油醛-3-磷酸景天庚酮糖-7-磷酸
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