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1、low-dimensionalnanoscalesystemsondiscretespacesThispageintentionallyleftblanklow-dimensionalnanoscalesystemsondiscretespacesErhardtPappWestUniversityofTimisoara,RomaniaCodrutzaMicuNorthUniversityofBaiaMare,RomaniaWorldScientificNEWJERSEY•LONDON•SINGAPORE•BEIJING•SHANGHAI•HONGKONG•TA
2、IPEI•CHENNAIPublishedbyWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.5TohTuckLink,Singapore596224USAoffice:27WarrenStreet,Suite401-402,Hackensack,NJ07601UKoffice:57SheltonStreet,CoventGarden,LondonWC2H9HEBritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromth
3、eBritishLibrary.LOW-DIMENSIONALNANOSCALESYSTEMSONDISCRETESPACESCopyright©2007byWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Thisbook,orpartsthereof,maynotbereproducedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingoranyinformationstorageandretri
4、evalsystemnowknownortobeinvented,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher.Forphotocopyingofmaterialinthisvolume,pleasepayacopyingfeethroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,USA.Inthiscasepermissiontophotocopyisnotrequiredfromthepublisher.ISBN-13978-9
5、81-270-638-6ISBN-10981-270-638-0PrintedinSingapore.Patrick-Low-Dimensional.pmd16/7/2007,1:30PMFebruary8,20079:47WorldScientificBook-9inx6inpapp˙micu˙worldInthememoryofSiriandEduardvFebruary8,20079:47WorldScientificBook-9inx6inpapp˙micu˙worldThispageintentionallyleftblankFebruary8,200
6、79:47WorldScientificBook-9inx6inpapp˙micu˙worldPrefaceQuantumsystemsondiscretespacesrepresenttodatearapidlygrowingresearchfieldlyingattheinterfacebetweentightbindingmodelsinsolid-statephysicsandtheoreticaldevelopmentslikediscreteandq-differenceequations.Theinterplaybetweensuchdirectio
7、nsprovidesadeeperunder-standingofnanoscaledstructureswhich,sincemorethanonedecadelookincreasinglypromisingfortechnologicalapplicationsinelectronicdevices.Suchsystemsconcernthetwo-dimensional(2D)electrongasunderthein-fluenceoftransversalmagneticfields,theconductoronthe1Dlatticeinthepr
8、esenceofelectricfields,1Dri
