生物专业英语期末打印版

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1、CapGillHomozygous（纯合的）：Adiploidorganismthathastwoidenticalallelesforparticularcharacteristic.Heterozygous(杂合的):Adiploidorganismthathastwodifferentalleticformsofaparticulargene.Phenotype（表型）：Thephysical,chemical,andpsychologicalexpressionofgenespossessedbyanorganism.Genotype（基因型）：The

2、catalogofgenesofanorganism,whetherornotthesegenesareexpressed.Allele（等位基因）：Alternativeformsofageneforaparticularcharacteristic(e.g.,attachedearlobegenesandfreeearlobegenesarealternativeallelesforearshape).MonohybridCrosses(单因子杂种)：ahybridproducedbycrossingparentsthatarehomozygousexce

3、ptforasinglegenelocusthathastwoalleles.Dihybridcrosses(双因子杂种，双因子杂合子):Acrossbetweenindividualsthatdifferwithrespecttotwospecifiedgenepairs.Lawofindependentassortment(独立分配定律，自由组合定律)::Membersofonegenepairwillseparatefromeachotherindependentlyofthemembersofothergenepairs.Semiconservativ

4、ereplication(半保留复制):ThemethodofreplicationofDNAinwhichthemoleculedivideslongitudinally,eachhalfbeingconservedandactingasatemplatefortheformationofanewstrand.Laggingstrand(后随链):issynthesizedinshortstretchesknownasOkazakifragments.DNApolymerase(DNA聚合酶):AnenzymethatbringsnewDNAtriphosp

5、hatenucleotidesintopositionforbondingonanotherDNAmolecule.Agestructure(年龄结构):Ofapopulation,thenumberofindividualsineachofseveralormanyagecategories.Density-dependentfactors(密度依赖因子，密度制约因子):population-limitingfactorsthatbecomemoreeffectiveasthesizeofthepopulationincreases.1.Asmitosisp

6、roceeds,thespindlemicrotubulesplayacrucialroleinensuringthatbothpairedandseparatedchromatidsmoveintherightdirectionsatthepropertimes.  Eachhalfofthespindleformsasmicrotubulesextendfromeachpoleofadividingcelltotheregionofthemetaphaseplate.  Duringprophase,othermicrotubules,thecentrom

7、ericfibers,extendoutwardfromthespindlepolestostructuresonthechromosomescalledkinetochores.  Duringanaphasethefibersbegintoshorten,andthechromatidsbegintomoveapart.在有丝分裂过程中，是纺锤体微管确保了染色单体在适当时间以正确方向进行分离。纺锤体微管由两极向赤道板延伸。在分裂前期，其它微管，着丝粒纤维延伸到染色体的动粒。在分裂后期，纤维开始变短，染色单体分离。2.Allphotosyntheticorg

8、anismscontainvariou