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1、HowChildrenFailByJohnHolt,PenguinEducationForewordMostchildreninschoolfail.Foragreatmany,thisfailureisavowedandabsolute.Closetofortypercentofthosewhobeginhighschool,dropoutbeforetheyfinish.Forcollege,thefigureisoneinthree.Manyothersfailinfactifnotinname.Theycompletetheirschoolingonlybecau
2、sewehaveagreedtopushthemupthroughthegradesandoutoftheschools,whethertheyknowanythingornot.Therearemanymoresuchchildrenthanwethink.Ifwe"raiseourstandards"muchhigher,assomewouldhaveusdo,wewillfindoutverysoonjusthowmanythereare.Ourclassroomswillbulgewithkidswhocan'tpassthetesttogetintothenex
3、tclass.Butthereisamoreimportantsenseinwhichalmostallchildrenfail:Exceptforahandful,whomayormaynotbegoodstudents,theyfailtodevelopmorethanatinypartofthetremendouscapacityforlearning,understanding,andcreatingwithwhichtheywerebornandofwhichtheymadefulluseduring,thefirsttwoorthreeyearsoftheir
4、lives.Whydotheyfail?Theyfailbecausetheyareafraid,bored,andconfused.Theyareafraid,aboveallelse,offailing,ofdisappointingordispleasingthemanyanxiousadultsaroundthem,whoselimitlesshopesandexpectationsforthemhangovertheirheadslikeacloud.Theyareboredbecausethethingstheyaregivenandtoldtodoinsch
5、oolaresotrivial,sodull,andmakesuchlimitedandnarrowdemandsonthewidespectrumoftheirintelligence,capabilities,andtalents.Theyareconfusedbecausemostofthetorrentofwordsthatpoursovertheminschoolmakeslittleornosense.Itoftenflatlycontradictsotherthingstheyhavebeentold,andhardlyeverhasanyrelationt
6、owhattheyreallyknow—totheroughmodelofrealitythattheycarryaroundintheirminds.Howdoesthismassfailuretakeplace?Whatreallygoesonintheclassroom?Whatarethesechildrenwhofaildoing?Whatgoesonintheirheads?Whydon'ttheymakeuseofmoreoftheircapacity?Thisbookistheroughandpartialrecordofasearchforanswers
7、tothesequestions.ItbeganasaseriesofmemoswrittenintheeveningstomycolleagueandfriendBillHull,whosefifth-gradeclassIobservedandtaughtinduringtheday.Laterthesememosweresenttootherinterestedteachersandparents.Asmallnumberofthesememosmakeupthisbook.Theyhavenotbeenmuchrewr
