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1、WESTERNLEGALHISTORY:FINALEXAMINATIONSTUDYGUIDESHORTANSWERS:(5questionsforeach,20marksinall)SocrateswasaclassicalGreekAthenianphilosopher.CreditedasoneofthefoundersofWesternphilosophy,heisanenigmaticfigureknownchieflythroughtheaccountsoflaterclassicalwriters,especiallythewritingsof.hisst
2、udentsPlatoandXenophon,andtheplaysofhiscontemporaryAristophanes.●Justiceistheinterestofthepeople●Peoplehavethebenefitoflaws,soagreetorespectthem●Disobedienceofthelawdestroysthelawandthestate●Justiceisacompromise:doingwrongorbeingwrongedPlatowasaClassicalGreekphilosopher,mathematician,wr
3、iterofphilosophicaldialogues,andfounderoftheAcademyinAthens,thefirstinstitutionofhigherlearningintheWesternworld.Heusedtoadvocatethatthekingofacountryshouldbeaphilosopher,butlaterchangeshismind.●Humannaturecommitsinjusticewheneveritispossible●Dominantclassmakeslawforself●Properroleoflaw
4、isensuringthegeneralbenefitAristotlewasaGreekphilosopher,astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat.Hiswritingscovermanysubjects,includingphysics,metaphysics,poetry,theater,music,logic,rhetoric,politics,government,ethics,biology,andzoology.Aristotlebelievesinthefunctionofthelawandinsi
5、ststhatruleoflawisbetterthanruleofmen.●Publicofficialsmustcriticallystudydifferentcities’laws●Thelawsmustbeadaptedtodifferentcircumstancesofpeople●Thecharacteroflawis‘akindoforder’,andthelawalsohasa‘compulsiveforce’●Manhasanaturalinstincttoliveinorderlycommunities●Man’snaturedesirestheb
6、estlifehecanget●Manisa“politicalanimal”CicerowasaRomanphilosopher,statesman,lawyer,politicaltheorist,andRomanconstitutionalist.HeiswidelyconsideredoneofRome’sgreatestoratorsandprosestylists.Heisalsoconsideredastheancientpioneeroftheseparationofpowersintothreeseparatebranchesofgovernment
7、●Lawisthebond,agreementandpartnershipofmen.●Thelawisinseparablefromthereasongivenofnature●Lawisrightreasonincommandingandprohibiting15/15WESTERNLEGALHISTORY:FINALEXAMINATIONSTUDYGUIDE●ThenaturalsocialinstinctisthesourceoflawitselflEvillawisillegal自然法效力高于实在法自然法是与自然即事物的本质相适应的法人人平
