英语语言学重点知识

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1、语言教学设计Lecture1LanguageandLearningUnit1LanguageandLearningMainconcerns:nViewsonlanguagenViewsonlanguagelearningnWhatisagoodlanguageteacher,andhowcanonebecomesuch?1.1Howdowelearnlanguage?Task1onpp.1-2nHowmanyforeignlanguagescanyouspeak?nDidyoufindlearningaforeignlanguageeasy?nWhatdifficul

2、tiesdidyouexperience?Why?nWhichskilldidyoufindmoredifficulttolearn?nDidyoufocusonknowledgeorskills?Why?nWhydidyoulearntheforeignlanguage(s)?nDidyoufinditinterestingtolearntheforeignlanguage(s)?nWhatwereyourmostcommonlearningactivities?nDidyoulikethewayyoulearnedtheforeignlanguage(s)?Con

3、clusionsofthetasknPeoplelearnaforeignlanguagefordifferentreasons;nPeoplelearnlanguagesindifferentways;nPeoplehavedifferentunderstandingsaboutlanguagelearning;andnPeoplehavedifferentcapabilitiesinlanguagelearning.1.2ViewsonlanguageTheanswertothequestion‘Whatislanguage?’isthebasisfor:syll

4、abusdesign,teachingmethods,teachingprocedures,andteachingtechniques.Adefinitionoflanguageisalways,implicitlyorexplicitly,adefinitionofhumanbeingsintheworld.RaymondWilliams Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicatingideas,emotionanddesiresbymeansofvoluntarilyproducedsym

5、bols.EdwardSapirnAset(finiteorinfinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.NoamChomsky Theinstitutionwherebyhumanscommunicateandinteractwitheachotherbymeansofhabituallyusedoral-auditoryarbitrarysymbols.R.A.HallnDavidCrystal:Thesystematic,conventionaluse

6、ofsounds,signs,orwrittensymbolsinahumansocietyforcommunicationandself-expression.Task2(p.2)Whatislanguage?Sampledefinitionsof“language”(p.177)Language:nisasystem/setofsymbols;nis(primarily)vocal;nisarbitraryandconventional;nconsistsofasetofrules(andisrule-governed);nisrelatedtoculture;n

7、isusedforhumancommunicationorinteraction.Itcanbedefinedinthreeways:nitisafinitesystemofsoundunitswhicharecombinedaccordingtoacertainorder(asyntax)inordertoformaninfiniteamountofinformation;itisanarbitrarysystemofsymbols;awordisarbitrarilylinkedtoanobject;itisasystemthatletsusex