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1、SignalprocessingSignalprocessingisanareaofelectricalengineeringandappliedmathematicsthatdealswithoperationsonoranalysisofsignals,ineitherdiscreteorcontinuoustime,toperformusefuloperationsonthosesignals.Signalsofinterestcanincludesound,images,time-varyingmeasurement
2、valuesandsensordata,forexamplebiologicaldatasuchaselectrocardiograms,controlsystemsignals,telecommunicationtransmissionsignalssuchasradiosignals,andmanyothers.Signalsareanalogordigitalelectricalrepresentationsoftime-varyingorspatial-varyingphysicalquantities.Inthec
3、ontextofsignalprocessing,arbitrarybinarydatastreamsandon-offsignallingarenotconsideredassignals,butonlyanaloganddigitalsignalsthatarerepresentationsofanalogphysicalquantities.HistoryAccordingtoAlanV.OppenheimandRonaldW.Schafer,theprinciplesofsignalprocessingcanbefo
4、undintheclassicalnumericalanalysistechniquesofthe17thcentury.Theyfurtherstatethatthe"digitalization"ordigitalrefinementofthesetechniquescanbefoundinthedigitalcontrolsystemsofthe1940sand1950s.[2]CategoriesofsignalprocessingAnalogsignalprocessingAnalogsignalprocessin
5、gisforsignalsthathavenotbeendigitized,asinclassicalradio,telephone,radar,andtelevisionsystems.Thisinvolveslinearelectroniccircuitssuchaspassivefilters,activefilters,additivemixers,integratorsanddelaylines.Italsoinvolvesnon-linearcircuitssuchascompandors,multiplicat
6、ors(frequencymixersandvoltage-controlledamplifiers),voltage-controlledfilters,voltage-controlledoscillatorsandphase-lockedloops.DiscretetimesignalprocessingDiscretetimesignalprocessingisforsampledsignalsthatareconsideredasdefinedonlyatdiscretepointsintime,andassuch
7、arequantizedintime,butnotinmagnitude.Analogdiscrete-timesignalprocessingisatechnologybasedonelectronicdevicessuchassampleandholdcircuits,analogtime-divisionmultiplexers,analogdelaylinesandanalogfeedbackshiftregisters.Thistechnologywasapredecessorofdigitalsignalproc
8、essing(seebelow),andisstillusedinadvancedprocessingofgigahertzsignals.Theconceptofdiscrete-timesignalprocessingalsoreferstoatheoreticaldiscipline
