《呼吸系统影像诊断》PPT课件

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1、重点复习BronchialObstructiondirectnesssigns局部支气管狭窄stenosis支气管闭塞Obstruction肿块massinbronchialcavity管壁增厚thickenedofbronchialwallnIndirectnesssigns：n阻塞性肺气肿：部分阻塞nIncompleteobstructionn—obstructiveemphyseman阻塞性肺不张：完全阻塞.nCompleteobstruction—obstructiveatelectasis.centril

2、obularemphysemapanlobularemphysemalobstructiveemphysemaobstructiveatelectasis.肺体积缩小Incompleteexpansionofthe肺体积膨大lung,OverinflationThesizeoflungshrunken密度减低密度增高IncreaseddensityDensityreduce渗出与实变ExudationandconsolidationX线表现x-rayappearances肺泡、肺小叶实变consolidation支

3、气管气像（airbronchogram）Noanylossofvolume纤维化fibrosis局部病灶纤维化LocalfibrosisCalcificationnoduleandmassBenignlobulationspiculation血管集束征病灶胸膜侧小片状浸润支气管充气征Malignantaircontainingspaceworm-eatencavitiesThin-walledcavitythick-walledcavitycavityandaircontainingspace曲菌球支气管血管束增粗

4、peribronchovascul肺间质病变arburdleinterstitialthicking小叶间隔增厚Interlobularseptal小叶核增大thickingLobularcorethickingSignet-ringsign印戒征树芽征（tree-buddedsign）interstitialnodulesmultinodularandmiliaryair-spacenodulediseases磨玻璃影ground-glassopacity,GGO：肺内密度增高的模糊影，但肺纹理可见胸腔积液（pl

5、euraleffusion）游离性胸腔积液freepleuraleffusion少量积液中量积液：大量积液：局限性胸腔积液localizedpleuraleffusion包裹性积液叶间积液肺底积液胸膜凹陷征pleuralindentationsign支气管扩张bronchiectasis肺炎pneumonia本大叶性肺炎节小叶性肺炎课间质性肺炎支原体肺炎内肺结核Pulmonary容tuberculosis肺癌Lungcancer纵隔肿瘤mediastinaltumorn支气管内径不同程度异常增宽n多数为后天性，少数

6、为先天性，好发于儿童及青壮年n好发于段以下3-5级小支气管bronchiectasis临床表现：咳嗽、咳血、咳痰Continuouscough,purulentsputum,recurrenthaemoptysis分型：柱状型(Cylindricalbronchiectasis)、囊状型(Cysticbronchiectasis)、曲张型(Varicosebronchiectasis)u支气管壁组织破坏（慢性感染）u管内压增高（分泌物淤积、长期剧烈咳嗽）u外在性牵拉（肺不张、纤维化等）bronchiectasis平

7、片：plainchestradiographicfindingsoftennonspecific肺纹理增粗紊乱，囊状透亮影，anincreaseoflungmarkingsSurroundinginfiltrateorfibrosis合并感染时有液平及囊壁增厚。dilatedbronchi,sometimeswithair-fluidlevelsbronchiectasis支气管造影bronchography：支气管呈囊状、柱状囊柱状扩张Tubular,VaricoseorCysticbronchialdilata

8、tion囊状、柱状bronchiectasis曲张型扩张囊柱状念珠状粗细不均TubularandCysticbronchialdilatationbronchiectasis平片价值有限,支气管造影病人痛苦bronchiectasisHRCT表现戒指征Thesignetringsignbronchiectasis囊状型葡萄串征clustersofgrapes