《分子分析》PPT课件

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1、Ascomycetes(子囊菌)Ascomycetesarefungithatformtheirmeioticprogenyinaasci(ascus,子囊).Thisallowstheproductsofmeiosis(calledatetrad，四分子)toberecoveredtogether.Someascomyceteshaveorderasci.UnorderedTetradOrderedTetrad粗糙链孢霉酿酒酵母Ouroldfriend,NeurosporaNeurosporaisahaploidorganismthatmakesasciwith8spores.Neurosp

2、oraLifecycle粗糙链孢霉同时的教材p70一种能产生分生孢子的特殊真菌菌丝植物生长的TetradAnalysis（四分子分析）Analysisofallfourproductsofasinglemeiosis.N.crassasporesareformedbyasinglemitoticdivisionafterthecompletionofmeiosis.ThemeioticprogenyofN.crassaforminaasci(ascus),buttheyarepresentinalinearorderthatreflectsmeioticdivision.Orderedtetr

3、adsinNeurosporaallowmappingrelativetothecentromere.ProducinganOrderedTetrad性细胞NeurosporaMeiosisThisshowstheprocessofmeiosisinN.crassa.Rememberthattheduplicatedchromosomesthatareheldtogetherbythecentromeresegregateduringthefirstmeioticdivision.Thus,alocusthatisclosetothecentromerewouldoftensegregated

4、uringthefirstmeioticdivision.MISegregationPatternAfirst-divisionsegregationpattern,MINocrossoverbetweengeneandcentromereMIISegregationPatternCrossoverbetweengeneandcentromereAsecond-divisionsegregationPattern,M2Recombinationbetweenthegeneofinterestandthecentromerewouldproduceseconddivisionsegregatio

5、ntetrads.ProducingMIISegregationPatterns教材p180的4种交换型Tetradsproducedbyseconddivisionsegregationarerelatedtothedistancefromthecentromerebythisequation:R=(1/2second-divison/total)x100%=cMOrderedTetradsinNeurosporaAllowMappingRelativetotheCentromere½MII/totalx100%=cMOrGeneticAnalyseswithTetradsaba+b+XCr

6、osstwohaploidcellsaba+b+InducediploidtoundergomeiosisGeneticAnalyseswithTetradsaba+b+aba+b+Parentalsaba+b+XRecombinantsab+a+bProducingMIISegregationPatternsThedistanceincMbetweenaandbcanbeestimated.ParentalDitype(PD)Tetratype(TT)NonparentalDitype(NPD)这没有完全概括教材的P185，请补充完整CalculatingGeneticDistancesw

7、ithTetradAnalysisOrdered(Linear)ExampleNeurosporaGene-GeneDistanceRF=1/2T+NPDtotalGene-CentromereDistance½MII/totalPage184(教材上册)ababa+b+a+b+ab+ab+a+ba+babab+a+b+a+baba+ba+b+ab+aba+b+a+b+abab+a+ba+bab+