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1、1IntroductiontoPsychologyYaleUniversityLecture12Sowhatwe'redoingtodayiscontinuingonthethemeofemotions."Emotions"isatwo-partlectureandwe'recontinuingalongcertainthemes.Iwanttobeginbyrespondingtoaquestionwhichwasraisedinthelastclassconcerningsmilingandnonhumanpr
2、imates.Itwasaverygoodquestion.Theissuewas:weknowthathumanshavedifferentsortsofsmilestoconveydifferentsortsofinformation.Thequestionwas,"dononhumanprimates,likechimpanzeesorgorillasorgibbons,havethesamemanysortsofsmiles?"So,Icontactedtheworld'sexpertonsmiling,w
3、hodidnotreturnmye-mails.So,Icontactedthesecondworld'sexpertonsmilingwhotoldmethattheansweris"no,"thatprimate--nonhumanprimatesmilesactuallycorrespondalmostentirelytoappeasementsmiles.They're"don'thurtme"smiles.They'reequivalenttothe"coysmile"thatwesawonhumans.
4、Butthatnonhumanprimatesdonotusesmilesforgreetings;there'snoequivalenttothe"greetingsmile"or"PanAmsmile";nordotheyusethemasgenuineexpressionsofhappiness.There'snoequivalenttothe"Duchennesmile."That'sasfarasIknow.Iftheworld'sexpertgetsbacktomeandsayssomethingdif
5、ferent,I'llkeepyouposted.Anotherthing.Goingbacktothebeginningthemeoftheclass,whatwestarted--justtoreview,wetalkedaboutthedifferentfunctionsofemotions.Andthenwetalkedaboutsmilingandfacialexpressions.Andthenweturnedtosome--toanonsocialemotion,thecaseoffear.Andth
6、enweshiftedtosocialemotions.Andwetalkedaboutsocialemotionstowardskinandthespecialevolutionaryreasonsthatwouldleadthemtoevolve.Andaswewereending,weweretalkingabouttherelationshipbetweenananimalanditschildren,particularlyincaseslikehumansandbirdsandmammalswheret
7、heretendstobeacloserelationshipwithourchildren.Weinvestinquality,notquantity.Imightproduceveryfewchildreninmylife.Andmyevolutionarytrickthenistofocusveryintentlyonthemandmakesuretheysurvive.IfIweretoproduce100children,Icouldstandtoloseafew,butifIjustproducefiv
8、einmylifetimeortwoorone,theybecomeveryprecioustome.Andso,thestoryoftheevolutionofaspecieslikeusinvolvesalongperiodofdependenceanddeep,deepbondsbetweentheparentandthechild.Andthat's
