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1、考研英语范文阅读模拟试题及答案解析Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchassteeringtheeconomytoasoftlandingoratouchonthebrakes,makesitselfsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelong,variablelagsbeforepolicychang
2、eshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencethereisananalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreen,acrackedrearviewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel. Givenallthesedisadvantages,centralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrial
3、economiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s. Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpol
4、lseachmonthsaidthatAmerica’sinflationratewouldaverage3.5%in1995.Infact,itfellto2.6%inAugust,andisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,i
5、nflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica. EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavourableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica’s,havelittleproductiveslack.America’scapacityutilisatio
6、n,forexample,hithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyear,anditsjoblessrate(5.6%inAugust)hasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment-theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffonthepast. Whyhasinflationprovedsomild?Themostthrillingexplanationis,unfortunately,alittledefective.Someec
7、onomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation. 1.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________. （A）thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates （B）economywillalwaysfollow
