英语词汇学第二章词素

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1、ChapterIIIMorphologicalstructureofEnglishwords词的形态结构Maincontents1.morpheme2.classificationofmorpheme3.stem4.base5.allomorphAimoflearningtheformsofEnglishwords---acquaintedwiththeformsofwords---knowthefundamentalpartofwords---guessthemeaningofwords---knowhowtoapp

2、reciatewordsusedindifferentdiscourses1.morpheme:词素、形素---thesmallestmeaningfulunitofform.Itisanassociationofagivenmeaningwithagivensoundpattern.(possesssound&meaning)Morphemesareusedtoformwords.e.g:hunk(1)beastly(2)sheepish(2)unexceptionableness火/车（1）车辆/菜谱（2）2.cla

3、ssificationofmorpheme*twotypesofclassification2.1.freemorpheme/boundmorpheme粘着语素---freemorpheme:---standalonewithoutchangingitsmeaning.e.g:elite,rage灯，走---boundmorpheme:---cannotstandaloneasacompleteutterancee.g:childishhopeful第，初，老2.2roots&affixesA.---root:---th

4、ebasicunchangeablepartofawordwhichconveysthefundamentalmeaningofthewordandcannotbefurtheranalyzed.e.g.work,workable,worker---freeroot=(freemorpheme)---canstandalonewithoutchangingitsmeaning---boundroot:(属于boundmorpheme)---arootthatcarriesthecoremeaningofthewordbu

5、tcannotstandaloneasacompleteutterancee.g:theory,theoretical---theor-B.affix—acollectivetermforthetypeofmorphemesthatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.(affixational/boundmorpheme)affix:(function)--inflectionalaffix屈折词缀--derivationalaffix派生词缀inflectionalaffix

6、(morpheme)--expressthemeaningofplurality,tenseandcomparativeorsuperlativedegreee.g:boyscalledfaster--notusuallychangewordclasses--notformnewwordswithnewlexicalmeaningderivationalaffix:---areaffixeswhichareaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.e.g:reactdebone-nik（

7、参加或介入……的人）---changethewordclass----changethemeaningofaworditisattached.ExerciseAnalyzethefollowingwordsandshowhowmanymorphemeseachofthemcontain.unjustspeakerrefillvitalsunmansoldierkindnesslowerunacceptablepotatoesworkingindisputable3.stem词干---partofthewordformwh

8、ichremainswhenallinflectionalaffixeshavebeenremoved.undesirables(stem)kindnessesdesiredgreenhouseschairsstronger(root,stem)4.Base:词基---isanyformtowhichaffixeso