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1、成绩X大学级硕士研究生课程考试试卷考试科目城市规划理论与方法考试时间2010.3.1学生姓名X学号所在院系X任课教师XConstructionandProtection：BeijingFeelsItsWayinCityPlanningPEOPLEreturningtoBeijingafterafewyears’absencemarvelathowmuchthecityhaschanged,andforoldBeijingers,thesechangeshaveoccurreddaily,beforetheirveryeyes．AccordingtoHuangYan,dep
2、utydirectoroftheBeijingMunicipalPlanningCommitteemunicipalplanningofthecapitalstartedatthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublic,andageneraldevelopmentscenariomaturedduringthe1950sand60s．“Themunicipalconstructionachievementsoftodayareattributabletomunicipalplansbackthen,”saysMs.Huang.EarlyCityPlan
3、sThemoatsurroundingtheImperialCityatthecitycenterMunicipalplanningforacapitalcityIsnoteasy．Asfromthe1950s,severalconstructionplanswereformulatedforBeijing．DongGuangqi,aseniorarchitectandformervicepresidentoftheBeijingMunicipalCityPlanningandDesignInstitute,hasbeeninvolvedingeneralmunicipa
4、landphasedplanningsincethe1950s．ThefirstgroupofplannersIncludedafewspecialiststhathadreturnedfromoverseas,andSovietexpertswhohadparticipatedintheplanningofMoscowThegreatmajority,however,wereyounguniversitygraduates．IntheearlystagesofnewChina,therewashighnumberofunemployedamongthecapital's
5、residents,sorelyinneedofthemeanstomakealiving．Theinitialplan,therefore,wastomakeBeijingintonotonlyapoliticalandculturalcenter,butalsoalargeindustrialcity．ThistendencytowardsindustrialdevelopmentofthecapitalwasaresultofSovietinfluence,andforthe30yearsthatfollowed,Beijingdevelopedastrongind
6、ustrialbase,oneaspectofwhichwasanironandsteelworkswithanannualoutputofover10milliontons.Excessiveindustrialdevelopmentinthecityproper,however,putgreatpressureonenergy,waterandlandresources,andalsoontransportation,whichmadeitverydifficultforBeijingtofulfillitstraditionalroleasthepoliticala
7、ndculturalcenterofChina．Technologicaldevelopmentalsoresultedintallbuildingsthatmarredtheflat,openperspectiveoftheoldcity.Newbuildingsoutnumberedold,andpreservationoftheoldcitybecameatopicofincreasingprominence.Then,in1983,Beijingformulatedacityplanthatsupersededthep
