大连交通大学信息工程学院

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1、大连交通大学信息工程学院2011届本科生毕业设计(论文)大连交通大学信息工程学院毕业设计(论文)外文翻译学生姓名王慧专业班级自动化07-1指导教师郑士富职称　副教授所在单位电气工程系　教学部主任　魏庆涛完成日期2008年4月11日14大连交通大学信息工程学院2011届本科生毕业设计(论文)FundamentalsofSingle-chipMicrocomputerandPLCThesingle-chipmicrocomputeristheculminationofboththedevelopmentofthedigitalcomp

2、uterandtheintegratedcircuitarguablythetowmostsignificantinventionsofthe20thcentury[1].Thesetowtypesofarchitecturearefoundinsingle-chipmicrocomputer.Someemploythesplitprogram/datamemoryoftheHarvardarchitecture,showninFig.3-5A-1,othersfollowthephilosophy,widelyadaptedfo

3、rgeneral-purposecomputersandmicroprocessors,ofmakingnologicaldistinctionbetweenprogramanddatamemoryasinthePrincetonarchitecture,showninFig.3-5A-2.Ingeneraltermsasingle-chipmicrocomputerischaracterizedbytheincorporationofalltheunitsofacomputerintoasingledevice,asshowni

4、nFig3-5A-3.ProgrammemoryInput&OutputunitCPUDatamemoryFig.3-5A-1AHarvardtypeInput&OutputunitmemoryCPUFig.3-5A-2.AconventionalPrincetoncomputer14大连交通大学信息工程学院2011届本科生毕业设计(论文)Timer/CounterSystemclockExternalTimingcomponentsSerialI/OROMResetPrarallelI/ORAMInterruptsCPUPowe

5、rFig3-5A-3.PrincipalfeaturesofamicrocomputerReadonlymemory(ROM):ROMisusuallyforthepermanent,non-volatilestorageofanapplicationsprogram.Manymicrocomputersandmicrocontrollersareintendedforhigh-volumeapplicationsandhencetheeconomicalmanufactureofthedevicesrequiresthatthe

6、contentsoftheprogrammemorybecommittedpermanentlyduringthemanufactureofchips.Clearly,thisimpliesarigorousapproachtoROMcodedevelopmentsincechangescannotbemadeaftermanufacture.Thisdevelopmentprocessmayinvolveemulationusingasophisticateddevelopmentsystemwithahardwareemula

7、tioncapabilityaswellastheuseofpowerfulsoftwaretools.SomemanufacturersprovideadditionalROMoptionsbyincludingintheirrangedeviceswith(orintendedforusewith)userprogrammablememory.Thesimplestoftheseisusuallydevicewhich14大连交通大学信息工程学院2011届本科生毕业设计(论文)canoperateinamicroprocess

8、ormodebyusingsomeoftheinput/outputlinesasanaddressanddatabusforaccessingexternalmemory.Thistypeofdevicecanbehavefunctionally