产品责任制为设计带来的启示

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1、【篇名】DesignImplicationsofProductLiability（产品责任制为设计带来的启示）【作者】J.G.Roche【出处】Elsevier期刊ProcediaEngineering,2012年08月【关键词】产品设计、责任制、用户分析、【摘要】Fitnessforuseisjudgednotbythedesigner,manufacturerorretailerbutbytheuser.Juranetal.[1]identifythefollowingasthemajorparametersoffit

2、nessforuse:QualityofDesign,QualityofConformance,The"abilities",Fieldservice.QualityofDesign"canberegardedasacompositeofthreeseparatestepsinacommonprogressionofactivities:Identificationofwhatconstitutesfitnessforusetotheuser;Choiceofaconceptofproductorservicetobere

3、sponsivetotheidentifiedneedsoftheuser;Translationofthechosenproductconceptintoadetailedsetofspecificationswhich,iffaithfullyexecuted,willthenmeettheusers'needs."Juran's[l]fourparametersoffitnessforuseandtheirinter-relationshipsareshowninFigure1.AsisimpliedinFigure

4、1,QualityofDesignisinfluencedbythequalityofmarketresearch.Marketinputsmaybevagueandthedesignerordesignteammayhavetoframeadesignconceptwithincompletemarketinformation.Butmarketinputisjustoneoftheinputswhichmakeupthedesigner'sbrief.Knowledgeoftheproductionfacilities

5、availableandtheircapabilitiesisessentialasisknowledgeoftheprocessinvolvedinproduction.Doestheworkforcehavethenecessaryskills?Whatmaterialsareavailableandwhatdotheycost;Whatwillproductioncostsbe?Aretheyexpectedtobetoohighinthelightoftheexpectedsellingprice?Formanye

6、ngineeringproducts,reliabilityandmaintainabilityrequirementsneedtobedetermined.Thereadyavailabilityofsparepartsmaybecrucialforsomeproducts.Likewise,fieldservicemaybeofmajorimportance.TheArrivalofStrictProductLiabilityThesethenarethefactorswhichinfluence"Fitnessfor

7、Use"andwhichshouldbeexpressedorimpliedinthedesigner'sbrief.Buthowsuccessfulhavedesignersbeeninachievingfitnessforuseintheproductswhichtheyhavedesigned?Theremarkablegrowthoftheconsumermovementinthepasttwentyyearsisareflectionofwidepreaddissatisfactionwithproductsan

8、dservicesavailable.Oneaspectofconsumerdissatisfaction,safetyormorecorrectly,thelackofsafety,hasreceivedparticularattentionincourtsandinlegislatures,espe