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1、Copyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedChapter1WhyParallelComputing?AnIntroductiontoParallelProgrammingPeterPachecoCopyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedRoadmapWhyweneedever-increasingperformance.Whywe’rebuildingparallelsystems.Whyweneedtowriteparallelprograms.Howdowe
2、writeparallelprograms?Whatwe’llbedoing.Concurrent,parallel,distributed!#ChapterSubtitleChangingtimesCopyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedFrom1986–2002,microprocessorswerespeedinglikearocket,increasinginperformanceanaverageof50%peryear.Sincethen,it’sdroppedtoabout20%increa
3、seperyear.AnintelligentsolutionCopyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedInsteadofdesigningandbuildingfastermicroprocessors,putmultipleprocessorsonasingleintegratedcircuit.Nowit’suptotheprogrammersAddingmoreprocessorsdoesn’thelpmuchifprogrammersaren’tawareofthem……ordon’tknowho
4、wtousethem.Serialprogramsdon’tbenefitfromthisapproach(inmostcases).Copyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedWhyweneedever-increasingperformanceComputationalpowerisincreasing,butsoareourcomputationproblemsandneeds.Problemsweneverdreamedofhavebeensolvedbecauseofpastincreases,su
5、chasdecodingthehumangenome.Morecomplexproblemsarestillwaitingtobesolved.Copyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedClimatemodelingCopyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedProteinfoldingCopyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedDrugdiscoveryCopyright©2010,ElsevierInc.Allrig
6、htsReservedEnergyresearchCopyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedDataanalysisCopyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedWhywe’rebuildingparallelsystemsUptonow,performanceincreaseshavebeenattributabletoincreasingdensityoftransistors.Butthereare inherent problems.Copyright©20
7、10,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedAlittlephysicslessonSmallertransistors=fasterprocessors.Fasterprocessors=increasedpowerconsumption.Increasedpowerconsumption=increasedheat.Increasedheat=unreliableprocessors.Copyright©2010,ElsevierInc.AllrightsReservedSolutionMoveawayfromsingle-co
8、resystemstomulticoreprocessors.“core”=centralpr
