《英语教学法》Language and Language Learning

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1、LanguageandLanguageLearningBeforetalkingaboutlanguageteaching,anunderstandingofthenatureoflanguageisofprimaryimportance,sincelanguageteachersclearlyneedtoknowgenerallywhatsortofentitytheyaredealingwith(andhowtheparticularlanguagetheyareteachingfitsintothatentity(Brown,199

2、4a)).Therefore,thefirstquestionwearegoingtotalkaboutis“whatislanguage?”AskSs“whatislanguage?”Presentthedefinitionwhichisacceptedbymostpeople: Languageisasystemofarbitraryverbalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.(Wardhaugh,1972:3)Sinceitisnoteasyforlinguiststogiveaconciseand

3、authoritativedefinitionoflanguage,peoplesettledowntotalkaboutViewsoflanguage.Inthepastcentury,languageteachingandlearningpracticehasbeeninfluencedbythreedifferentviewsoflanguage,namely,thestructuralview,thefunctionalviewandinteractionalview:textbook,P3.Whenpeopletalkabout

4、languagelearning,theyusuallyconsiderthetwoaspects,oneisthepsycholinguisticandcognitiveprocessesinvolvedinlanguagelearning,theotheristheconditionsthatneedtobemettoactivatethelearningprocess.Somemightputmorestressonthefirstwhileothersonthelaterone.Therefore,theoriescanberou

5、ghlydividedintotwocategories:Process-orientedtheoriesareconcernedwithhowthemindprocessesnewinformation,suchashabitformation,induction,makinginference,hypothesistestingandgeneralization. Condition-orientedtheoriesemphasizethenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontextinwhichlanguag

6、elearningtakesplace,suchasthenumberofstudents,whatkindofinputlearnersreceive,andthelearningatmosphere.AccordingtoRichardsandRodgers(1986),thetheoriesabouthowpeoplelearntheirfirstandespeciallysecondlanguagescanbedividedintotwomaingroups.processorientedtheories:Theseemphasi

7、zethementalprocessesthatalearnergoesthroughwhenlearninganL2.Theyareinterestedinfindingoutsuchthingsas:1).DolearnersgothroughLearner'smentalprocessestolearntheL2astheydidwhentheywerelearningtheirl1,ordotheyneedtodevelopawholenewsetofmentalhabits?    2).Dopeoplelearnmoreeas

8、ilyiftheyaretaughtLagrammarexplicitlyorisitmorehelpfultoleavethemtoworkouttherulesofgrammaronthe