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1、托福阅读【阅读】托福阅读中的逻辑关系托福阅读中的逻辑关系逻辑关系(1):否定明显的否定关系特色词汇--no,not,none,neither,never,deny等隐含的否定关系特色词汇--failto,absencefrom,lack(of),refuseto,little,fewIwritetomyparentseverymonth.Ineverfailtowritetomyparentseverymonth.------------------------------------------------Heisli
2、ttleknownasanartist.Heisnotafamousartist否定前缀英语否定的前缀主要有a-[asexual无性别的]ab-[abnormal非正常的]anti-[antisocial与社会对立的]counter-[counterrevolution反革命]de-[decontrol解除管理,解除管制]dis-il-im-in-ir-mal-mis-non-un-...Infact,hewassoquietthathisparentsthoughthewasnotnormal.Infact,hewas
3、soquietthathisparentsthoughthewasabnormal.否定后缀需注意的三个否定后缀：-less、-free、-proofhatless:notwearingahatsalt-free:withoutsaltabulletproofcar:acardesignednottobeharmedbybullets逻辑关系(2):因果--明显because(of),since,for,as,dueto,owingto,Inthat,so(that),therefore,thus,hence,asare
4、sult,consequently...Wedidn'tknowwhattodoaswewerejustvisitingthere.Thedelayisowingtothecrowdedtraffic.Thisbookisdifferentfromthatbookinthatthisoneisaboutchemistryandthatoneabouthistory.逻辑关系(2):因果--隐藏1、表示“导致”的词cause,leadto,make，render,stimulate,spur,spark,push,moti
5、vate,prompt,beresponsibletoToomuchworkandtoolittlerestoftenleadtoillness.Youractionhasrenderedourcontractinvalid.2、表示“由…而来”的词derivefrom,resultfrom,comefrom,originatefrom,initiatefrom,Hisillnessresultedfrombadfood.逻辑关系(3):比较结构--隐藏1.自身含有最高级含义的词；maximum,favorite,out
6、standing,top...Themaximumspeedofthiscaris150milesperhour2.比较级表示最高级I'veneverheardabettervoice.ChinaislargerthananyoftheothercountriesinAsia.GeorgedidmoreworkthananyoneelseIlikenothingbetterthanswimming.逻辑关系(3)--条件表示条件概念的词:if,unless,supposing(that),suppose(that),pr
7、oviding/provided(that),incase,aslongas,onconditionthat1)Incasethehouseburnsdown,we’llgettheinsurancemoney.2)Youcangoout,aslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11o’clock.1)Youcanborrowthebook,onconditionthatyoudon’tlendittoanyoneelse.逻辑关系(4)--并列与转折1．表示并列关系likewise,in(muc
8、h)thesameway,similarly/similarto,viceversa,also/aswellas,notonly…butalso…,both…and…,neither…nor…,like/justlike,equally,or/and2．表示转折关系but/yet,however,incontrast
