【英美概况】【课堂笔记】美国科技Technology in America

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1、TechnologyinAmericaMcCormick'sRevolutionaryReaperMakingIllinoistheHubofAgricultureTheMcCormickreaperwasaboontowheatfarmers;thefirstmodelcoulddotheworkofthreemen.AsCyrusMcCormickperfectedandimprovedthecapabilitiesofthenewimplement,morelandwasputintoproduction.1

2、1Technologyistheuseofscienceandengineeringtoproducesomethingthatiseffectiveanduseful.Americachangedfromanagriculturalcountryintheearly19thcenturytothemostadvancedtechnologicalcountryinthelate20thcentury.Thiswasaremarkabledevelopment.Whydidtechnologydevelopsosu

3、ccessfullyintheUnitedStatesofAmerica?Early19thcenturyThereweremanyinventionsduringthisperiodsuchasEliWhitney’scottonginandalsohismassproductionprocessforguns.Whitneyandmanyotherinventorsareverywell-knownbyAmericans.However,thereweremanyotherpeople,notsowellkno

4、wn,whoplayedasignificantroleinthedevelopmentoftheinventionsintoindustrieswhichweresubsequentlyeconomicallysuccessful.Manyoftheoriginalinventorshadproblemswiththeirnewinventions,anditoftentookmanyyears,plustheeffortsofmanyotherpeople,tomakethenewinventionworkwe

5、ll.Forinstancethemechanicalreaper(inventedbyMcCormick)took20yearsofdevelopmentandimprovementtobecomegenuinelyeffectiveinharvestinglargeareasofwheat.Itistheconsequencesoftheseinventionsthataremostimportantforustounderstand.11Themechanicalreaperworkedbestwhenith

6、adtoharvestlargeareasofwheat.Farmersbeganjoiningtheirfarmstogethertomakeverybigfarms.Asaresult,Americawassoonproducingverylargequantitiesofwheatandothercropsveryefficiently.Becausesuchlargequantitiesofcropswerebeingproduced,Americahadtodevelopabettersystemoftr

7、ansportation.Theanswerwastherailroadsystem.Thissystemwasabletomovelargequantitiesofcrops,veryefficiently.Thedevelopmentoftherailroadrequiredengineersandscientiststoovercomemanyproblems.Thesolutiontotheproblemstookmanyyearstoachieveandinvolvedmanypeople.Althoug

8、hmanypeopleknowthatJamesWattinventedthesteamengine,fewerknowthenamesoftheengineersandscientistswhodevelopeditintoareallyusefulandsuccessfulmachine.Late19thCenturyandEarly20thCentur