美国文学史 作者作品完整版

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1、1.ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedatJamestown,Virginiain1607.2.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)vOneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates.vFranklinwasaleadingauthorandprinter,politicaltheorist,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,satirist,civicactivistvFran

2、klingainedinternationalrenownasascientistforhisfamousexperimentsinelectricity.vInthewordsofhistorianHenrySteeleCommager,"InaFranklincouldbemergedthevirtuesofPuritanismwithoutitsdefects,theilluminationoftheEnlightenmentwithoutitsheat.”vToWalterIsaacson,thismakesFranklin"themostaccompli

3、shedAmericanofhisageandthemostinfluentialininventingthetypeofsocietyAmericawouldbecome."vNathanialHawthorneremarkedthatFranklin’saxioms“teachmenbutaverysmallportionoftheirduties…Theyareallaboutgettingmoneyorsavingit.”vLawrencedidn’tbelievethatFranklin’sideathatmancanbeperfected,saying

4、thatitwouldbelikethe“perfectibilityoftheFordcar.”(StudiesinClassicAmericanLiterature)Otherbook:PoorRichard'sAlmanack穷理查的年鉴AutobiographyvFourpartsvPartOneoftheAutobiographyisaddressedtoFranklin'ssonWilliam(1771)vFranklinbeganPartTwoin1784,givingamoredetailedaccountofhispubliclibrarypla

5、nandlists13virtuesvThirdpartstartedin1788abouthisAlmanac,Junto.vThelastpartwaswrittenin1789,yetnotfinishedAnumberof"firsts"vItisconsideredthefirstpopularself-helpbookeverpublished.vItwasthefirstandonlyworkwritteninAmericanbeforethe19thcenturythathasretainedbestsellerpopularitysinceits

6、release.vItwasthefirstmajorsecularAmericanautobiography.vItisalsothefirstrealaccountoftheAmericanDreaminactionastoldfromamanwhoexperienceditfirsthand.ThisformwouldbecopiednumeroustimesthroughoutAmericanhistory.BenjaminFranklin'sThirteenVirtues1.TEMPERANCE.Eatnottodullness;drinknottoel

7、evation.节制。食不过饱；饮酒不醉。2.SILENCE.Speaknotbutwhatmaybenefitothersoryourself;avoidtriflingconversation.缄默。言则于人于己有益，不作无益闲聊。3.ORDER.Letallyourthingshavetheirplaces;leteachpartofyourbusinesshaveitstime.秩序。各样东西放在一定地方；各项日常事务应有一定的处理时间。4.RESOLUTION.Resolvetoperformwhatyouought;performwithoutfail

8、whaty