Unit 4 Word Meaning

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1、Unit4WordMeaning1.TheMeaningofWords1)Whatis“meaning”?2)Whatis“semanticmeaning”?Inbroadsense,semanticmeaningrepresentsman’smindandthought.Innarrowsense,semanticmeaningreferstowordmeaningorsentencemeaning.3)Whatis“wordmeaning”?Theoriesofwordmeaning:(1)TheNamingTheory/TheReferentialTheory(指称论)词(words)

2、→事物(things)--PlatoWordmeaningcanbedefinedasareciprocalrelationbetweennameandmeaning.Wordsnameorrefertothings.i.e.wordsarejustnamesorlabelsforthings.(2)TheSemanticTriangleThesymbolorsign/formreferstothelinguisticelements(lexeme,word,sentence,etc.).Thereferentreferstotheobjectorentityintheworldofexpe

3、rience.The“concept”isthemeaningoftheword.Thesymbolofawordsignifies“things”byvirtueofthe“concept”,associatedwiththeformofthewordinthemindofthespeakerofthelanguage.(3)Behaviorism(Bloomfield)Behavioristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformas“thesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitc

4、allsforthinthehearer”.Bloomfieldarguedthatmeaningconsistsintherelationbetweenspeechandthepracticalevents.2.TheMotivationofWords(词的理据)1)DefinitionofMotivationMotivationreferstotheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymbolanditsmeaning.4理据解释语言符号与意义之间的关系。Conventionality:MostEnglishwordsareconventional,arbit

5、rarysymbols.Thereisnoconnectionbetweenthewordformanditsmeaning.(Opaquewords隐性词)Motivation:SomeEnglishwordsaremotivatedsymbols.Thereissomeconnectionbetweenthewordformanditsmeaning.(transparentwords显性词)1)ClassificationofMotivation(1)Onomatopoeic/Phonologicalmotivation(拟声理据)Wordsmotivatedphoneticallya

6、recalledechoicoronomatopoeicwords,whosepronunciationsuggeststhemeaning.Primaryonomatopoeia:thelikenessbetweensoundandmeaning.Secondaryonomatopoeia:theassociationbetweensoundandcertainsymbolicmeaning:Phonaesthemes(联觉音组)，语音象征词(2)Morphologicmotivation(形态理据)Morphologicmotivationmeansthatthemeaningofsom

7、ewordscanbeinferredfromthemeaningoftheaffixes,roots,orotherpartsofthewords.(3)Semanticmotivation(语义理据)Itreferstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaning(概念意义)/referentialmeaning(所指意义)ofaword.Ite