nouns and articles[1]

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1、nounsandarticlesThesameChinesemeaning,differentsingularorpluralform:•1)apoem---2)amachine---3)garment--•4)ajob---5)alaugh---6)apermit--•7)ajewel---8)aword---9)arite---•10)leaf--11)weapon--Nounswithequivocalnumber(单、复模棱两可)•Barracks,craft,crossroads,deer,swine,tr

2、out,salmon,head,lazybones,gallows,species,whereabouts,works,offspring,headquarters,Chinese,Japaneseetc.•Shesawtwoheadofcattlegreasingonthehillandthreebraceofbirdstwitteringinthetrees.•Agolflinks/severalgolflinks•Heisalazybones/theyarelazybonesThepluralformsofce

3、rtainnounshavedifferentmeanings.•Brain脑—brains脑力智能authority权威—authorities当局look脸色—looks面容美貌spirit精神—spirits情绪酒精•advice忠告—advices通知regard尊敬注意—regards问候business生意—businesses多家商店system制度—systems系统分析fund资金—funds现款sympathy—sympathiesetc.•papers,greens,times,manners,

4、customs,grounds,ruins,troops,letters,colors,forces,sands,works,irons,airs(Don’tgiveyourairs.不要神气。),dews,skies,plainsSomenounsmustusetheirpluralformsinsetphrases•1)Beforeliberationhecouldhardlyliveonhis____(wage).•2)Onehastobeespeciallycarefulunder/insuch_____(c

5、ircumstance).•3)Ourinstituteisinthewestern______(suburb)ofBeijing.•4)Hepresentedhis_____(credential)totheinterviewer.•5)Thestudentsaremaking______(preparation)forthecomingfestival.•6)Haveyoumade____(arrangement)foryourtriptoBeijing?•7)Theyexchanged_____(greetin

6、g)whenevertheymeteachother.•8)Everyonewasinhigh_____(spirit)thatday.Doublegenitive•Heisafriendofmybrother’s:oneofmybrother’sfriends(整体与部分)•Heisafriendofmybrother:friendlytomybrother.•Heismybrother’sfriend:theonlyoneortheonejusttalkedabout.5•--Whotoldyouthat?•--

7、Afriendofyourhusband’s.（你丈夫的一个朋友。）•--Ifhesaidsuchthings,heisnotafriendofmyhusband.（就不是我丈夫的朋友。）•Ifthenounsarestatue,photo,picture,portraitetc.of–genitiveexpresses“ofone’sown”,whiledoublegenitivemeans“ownedbysb.”•Aportraitofhermother•Aportraitofhermother’s•Hermot

8、her’sportrait她母亲收藏的画像/她母亲本人的画像•动作性名词：opinion,judgment,criticism,estimateetc.•of-genitiveexpressestherelationsofverbandobject;doublegenitiveexpressestherelationsofsubjectandv