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1、PluralNouns1.Pluralsofindividualnouns Numberindicateswhetheryouaretalkingaboutoneormorethanoneperson,placeorthing.Ifyouarereferringtoonlyone,thenounisinthesingularnumber.Ifyouarereferringtomorethanone,thenounisinthepluralnumber. Thepluralformsofmostnounsaremadebyadding-stothesingul
2、arforms.Butifthesingularendswith-s,-x,-z,-ch,or-sh,thepluralismadebyadding-es.SingularPluralSingularPluralpaperpaperslunchlunchestaxitaxisdressdressesideaideasquizquizzesmenumenusbrushbrushesgamegamesboxboxes Wordsthatendwith-oaredifferent.Ifsuchvowelsas-a,-e,-i,-o,and-ucomejustbefo
3、rethe-o,only-sisadded:studios.Ifaconsonantcomesjustbefore-o,usuallyonly-sisadded.Butinsomewords,-esisadded.Youshouldmemorizethesecommon-eswords:cargoesmosquitoespotatoestorpedoesechoesmottoestomatoesvetoesheroesNegroestornadoesvolcanoes Wordsthatendwith-yformthepluralintwoways.Gener
4、ally,the-yischangedto-iand-esisadded.country--countries company--companies army--armies Butpropernamesareexceptions,e.g.Henry--Henrys Mary--Marys Ifanounendsin"-y"precededbyavowel,thepluralisformedsimplybyadding"-s",e.g.boy--boys key--keys Thepluralofnounendingwith"-f"or
5、"-fe"isformed,sometimesbyadding"-s",sometimesbychanging"-f"or"-fe"to"-ves".Forthisthereisnoallpurposerule.leafleaveschiefchiefshalfhalvesgulfgulfslifelivesproofproofsselfselvesroofroofswifewivessafesafes Stillweshouldpayattentiontothefollowingpoints:a.Afewnounsformthepluralbychangeo
6、faletterorlettersinthemiddleoftheword:tooth--teeth woman--women goose--geesefoot--feet mouse--mice louse--liceb.Afewnounshavethesameforminbothnumbers,e.g.deer sheep yoke means Chinese li jin yuanc.Namesofthingsconsistingoftwosimilarhalves,e.g.scissors,trousers,scales,sp
7、ectacles,tongs,pants,shorts,etc.,andsome-ingparticiplesusuallytakepluralforms,e.g.savings,belongings,tidings,etc..Someothernounsalwaystakepluralformsincertainsense,e.g.contents（目录），slums（贫民区），goods（货物），thanks（感谢），remains（遗物，遗体），etc..d.Examplesofdoublepluralformscloth cloths不同的布 cl
8、othes衣服fish
