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1、Somelanguagesresisttheintroductionofnewwords.Others,likeEnglish,seemtowelcomethem.RobertMacNeillooksatthehistoryofEnglishandcomestotheconclusionthatitstoleranceforchangerepresentsdeeplyrootedideasoffreedom.有些语言拒绝引入新词。另一些语言,如英语,则似乎欢迎新词的引入。罗伯特·麦克尼尔回顾英语的历史,得出结论说,英语对变化的包容性体现了根深
2、蒂固的自由思想。TheGloriousMessinessofEnglishRobertMacNeil1ThestoryofourEnglishlanguageistypicallyoneofmassivestealingfromotherlanguages.ThatiswhyEnglishtodayhasanestimatedvocabularyofoveronemillionwords,whileothermajorlanguageshavefarfewer.英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象罗伯特·麦克尼尔我们的英语的历史是典型的大量窃取其它语
3、言的历史。正因为如此,今日英语的词汇量据估计超过一百万,而其它主要语言的词汇量都要小得多。 2French,forexample,hasonlyabout75,000words,andthatincludesEnglishexpressionslikesnackbarandhitparade.TheFrench,however,donotlikeborrowingforeignwordsbecausetheythinkitcorruptstheirlanguage.ThegovernmenttriestobanwordsfromEnglish
4、anddeclaresthatWalkmanisnotdesirable;sotheyinventaword,balladeur,whichFrenchkidsaresupposedtosayinstead--buttheydon't.例如,法语只有约75,000个单词,其中还包括像snackbar(快餐店)和hitparade(流行唱片目录)这样的英语词汇。但法国人不喜欢借用外来词,因为他们认为这样会损害法语的纯洁性。法国政府试图逐出英语词汇,宣称Walkman(随身听)一词有伤大雅,因此他们造了个新词balladeur让法国儿童用——可他
5、们就是不用。3Walkmanisfascinatingbecauseitisn'tevenEnglish.Strictlyspeaking,itwasinventedbytheJapanesemanufacturerswhoputtwosimpleEnglishwordstogethertonametheirproduct.Thatdoesn'tbotherus,butitdoesbothertheFrench.SuchisthegloriousmessinessofEnglish.Thathappytolerance,thatwilling
6、nesstoacceptwordsfromanywhere,explainstherichnessofEnglishandwhyithasbecome,toaveryrealextent,thefirsttrulygloballanguage.Walkman一词非常耐人寻味,因为这个词连英语也不是。严格地说,该词是由日本制造商发明的,他们把两个简单的英语单词拼在一起来命名他们的产品。这事儿我们不介意,法国人却耿耿于怀。由此可见英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。这种乐意包容的精神,这种不管源自何方来者不拒的精神,恰好解释了英语为什么会这么丰富,解释
7、了英语缘何在很大程度上第一个成了真正的国际语言。4HowdidthelanguageofasmallislandoffthecoastofEuropebecomethelanguageoftheplanet--morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherhaseverbeen?ThehistoryofEnglishispresentinthefirstwordsachildlearnsaboutidentity(I,me,you);possession(mine,yours);thebody(eye,nose,
8、mouth);size(tall,short);andnecessities(food,water).ThesewordsallcomefromOldEnglish