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1、AreDreamsasVitalasSleep?byRogerLouisCandreamsbecontrolledatourownwill?Isdreamingtheabilityofallanimals?Howdothedeaf-mutesandthementallydisableddream?Thefollowingarticlediscussestheseissues.Soonerorlaterbiologistswereboundtoinvestigateoneofthebrain'smostmy
2、steriousfunctions,probablytheleasttangibleandtheleastcomprehensiblefunctionofthebody,dreaming.JustafewyearsagowethoughtthatFreud1,whenhetookthekeystothecityofdreamsawayfromthephilosophersandpoets,hadgiventhemonceandforalltothepsychologistsandpsychiatrists
3、2.Butnowbiologists,biochemistsandneuropsychologists3areinvadingwhatusedtobethoughtanexclusivepreserve.OneoftheseisaFrenchman,Dr.MichelJouvet,whoseresearchatthemedicalschoolofLyonsisinternationallyrecognizedasauthoritativeandonthesameplaneasthatofProfessor
4、NathanielKleitmanintheUnitedStates,whichhasbeencontinuedsince1960byoneofhiscolleagues,Dr.WilliamDement.ItwasmoreorlessbychancethatDr.Jouvetbecameinterestedindreamsin1958,orratheritwasthelogicinherentinanyexperimentalworkthatstimulatedhiscuriosity.“Iwasint
5、erestedatthattimeinconfirmingPavlov's4theoriesofconditioning,usingcatsastestanimals,”hetoldus.“Wehadputelectrodesinthemusclesoftheirpawsinordertocheckoncertainmovements.”“Duringtheirsleepwenotedanunexpectedphenomenonthatoccurredsporadically－thecompletedis
6、appearanceofmusculartone,sometimeslastingforseveralminutes,afterwhichmusculartonereappearedwhiletheanimalcontinuedtosleep.“Wethoughtofallpossibletheoriestoexplainthisphenomenon.Itevenoccurredtousthatitmightbeconnectedwiththeveryspecialrolethatwhiskersplay
7、inthecat,andweactuallytriedcuttingthemofftoseewhetherthismighthavesomeeffect.Onlyafteralongperiodofgroping,didwerealizethattherewasapossiblecorrelationwithdreaming.“Fromthatmomentourresearchwasdirectedtowardsthephysiologicalstudyofsleep,especiallytowardsw
8、hatwenowcallitsparadoxicalphase.Thiscorrespondstotheperiodinwhichananimalorapersondreams.“ThisresearchwascarriedoutincollaborationwithKleitmanandDementintheUnitedStates,amongothers.Inaveryshorttimewewereabletocollec
