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ID:38567684
大小:1.10 MB
页数:32页
时间:2019-06-15
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1、NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)TheScarletLetter鲁凤鸣19赵文琪31留玉琼05张佳美17谢俊文28IdentityTagBiographyInfluencesonHawthorneHawthorne’spointofviewcontentThematicConcernsHawthorne’sMajorWorksHawthorne’saestheticideasStyleTheScarletLetter3AmericannovelistShortstorywriterAcentralf
2、igureintheAmericanRenaissanceGreatestRomancewriterPioneeringpsychologicalnovelistMoralnovelist“LikeEdgarAllanPoe,HawthornetookadarkviewofhumanNature.”IdentityTag:4BornJuly4,1804enteredBowdoinCollege in1821firstworkFanshawe,in1828marryingSophiaPeabodyin1842ScarletLe
3、tterin1850DiedMay19,1864Biography:InfluencesonHawthorneSalem-earlychildhood,laterworkattheCustomHouse.Puritanfamilybackground-oneofhisforefatherswasJudgeHathorne,whopresidedovertheSalemwitchcrafttrials,1692.Beliefintheexistenceofthedevil.Beliefindeterminism(宿命论).★H
4、awthorne’spointofviewHawthorneisinfluencedbyPuritanism(清教主义)deeply.HewasnotaPuritanhimself,buthehadPuritanancestorswhoplayedanimportantroleinhislifeandworks.Melville:“霍桑描写黑暗的巨大力量,是由于受到加尔文派关于与生俱来的堕落与原罪思想的影响。没有一位思想深邃的人能完全摆脱这种思想所发生的各种形式的影响。”Hawthorne评Melville:“他既不肯信教,
5、又对自己的不信感到惶恐不安。”对霍桑同样适用。★(1)Evilisatthecoreofhumanlife.Hawthornesenseofsinandevilinlife,“black”visionoflifeandhumanishauntedEvilexistsinthehumanheart,humanheartisthesourceofevil.Everyonepossessessomeevilsecret.Evilisman’sbirthmark(胎记).amostdisturbedandtormentedone,d
6、iscussessinandevilinalmosteverybookliteraryworldrejectstheTranscendentalistoptimismlooksmoredeeplyandmorehonestlyintolife,findingmuchsuffering&conflictinit★(2)Wheneverthereissin,thereispunishment.SinorevilcanbepassedfromgenerationtogenerationTheHouseoftheSevenGable
7、s《带有七个尖角阁的房子》Colonel(陆军上校)PyncheontakesthelandofMatthewMauleandbuildsahouseontheland---ishauntedbyghost---hisoffspring(后代)witheranddieout“Godwillgivehimbloodtodrink”霍桑在探讨罪恶时,不是宣扬加尔文教义,而是抨击了它对人性的摧残,是要使人正视罪的存在,并把人从泯灭人性的罪恶感中解脱出来。加尔文主义(Calvinism)加尔文主义即是新教神学家加尔文毕生的许多主张的
8、统称,在不同的讨论中有不同的意义。在现代的神学论述习惯当中,加尔文主义的意思是指“救赎预定论”跟“救恩独作说”。加尔文支持马丁·路德的“因信称义说”,主张人类不能透过正义的行为获得救赎、恢复逐渐被天主教所遗弃的奥古斯丁学说“救恩独作说”、反对逐渐成为天主教神学主流的“神人合作说”,因此加尔
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