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1、第八讲句式转换Thesimilaritiesbetweenmenarefinallymuchgreaterthanthedifferences.Allmembersofthespeciesshareprimalattributesofperceptionandresponsewhicharemanifestinspeechutterancesandwhichcanthereforebegraspedandtranslated.---GeorgeSteiner:AfterBabel“翻译腔”translationeseDictionaryofTranslationStudies收录了trans
2、lationese词条,并将其定义为“AgeneralpejorativetermusedtorefertoTLusagewhichbecauseofitsobviousrelianceonfeaturesofSLisperceivedasunnatural,impenetrableorevencomical.”(“通常来说是一个贬义术语,用来指因明显依赖源语的语言特色而让人觉得不自然,费解甚至可笑的目标语用法。”)句式改造总的说来，就是根据原文内容和逻辑关系，把原句中的各种成分分解开来，按照汉语的句子结构和表达习惯重新安排。转换句式调整语序将英语简单句中的某一成分扩展成子句将英语复合句和并
3、列句压缩成简单句主谓结构的确定译文中主谓结构的确定Therailroadindustry’sinabilitytoadjustpricesduringtherapidinflationofthe1970scausedaquarterofthemtogobankrupt.Fearofthebombers（轰炸机）hadclearedthebay.语序的调整汉语：固定英语：灵活连接词这一区别决定了许多英语句子的修饰成分或附属成分在译成汉语时，需要移到核心成分的前面。Nothinghashappenedsinceweparted.From$6.1billionin1981,theU.S.defic
4、itwithAsia’sfourtigerslastyearreached$37billion,or22%ofthetotalU.S.tradedeficit.Perhapsnootherthinghassuchpowertoliftthepooroutofhispoverty,thewretchedoutofhismisery,tomaketheburden-bearerforgethisburden,thesickhissuffering,thesorrowhisgrief,thedowntroddenhisdegradation,asbooks.倒装句LittledidIthenkno
5、wthemeaningofwarandwhatitwasinreality.句式转换Theboywaswatchingthestreamrisingfromthekettlewhenheconceivedanidea.Amazon.combeganasanonlinebookstore,thoughitsoondiversifieditsproductlines.Unlikemanyotherindustrializedcountries,theUnitedStatesislargelyself-sufficientinrawmaterials.JapanandWesternEurope,w
6、hichdependheavilyonfoodimportedfromtheUnitedStates,havebeenstruckmuchharderbycommodityinflation.英语复合句中的主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，到了汉语中有时也需要互换，才能符合汉语的逻辑和表达习惯。句式转换更多的是从句性质的转换，这是因为从句与主句在字面或结构上的关系反映的不是真正的逻辑关系，而是随着语境发生了变化。定语从句的转换Itisparticularlygallingforthedevelopingcountriesthatfelttheycouldhaveriggedpricesbycarte
7、lsinthesecommoditiesinwhichtheyhavedominance,ifonlytheyhadactedtogetherintime.Theirbasicfearisoftheslackupofprotectionism,andaboveall,Americancapitaloutflowwhichtothemmeansjoboutflows.Theyamountedtoneartwen
