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1、ChapterⅢLexiconChapterⅢLexicon3.1Definitionofword3.1.1Wordisthesmallestofthelinguisticunitswhichcanoccuronitsowninspeechorwriting.ItcanbeintuitivelyrecognizedbyNativeSpeakers.Questionsfordiscussion:1.Istheabovedefinitiontenable?Why?1.1 LexicologyThetermlexicologycontainstwoGreekmorphemes:lexiconan
2、dlogie.Theformermeanswordandthelattermeanslearningorthestudyof.TheliteralmeaningofthetermisthescienceofwordsLexicologyisthebranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyofagivenlanguage.Itdealswithwords,theirorigin,development,history,structure,meaningandapplication.Inshort,itisthestudyof
3、thesignificationandapplicationofwords.3.1.2ThreesensesofwordØAphysicallydefinableunit:spacesinwritingandpausesinspeechThereisaproblemwhenliaisonandcontractedformoccur,asin:It’swonderful./itswΛndәfәl/ØAlexeme:thesmallestunitinthemeaningsystemofalanguagethatcanbedistinguishedfromothersimilarunits.e.
4、g.WRITE:write,writes,wrote,writing,writtenØAgrammaticalunit:arankbetweenmorphemeandwordgroupinagrammaticalhierarchy.(Overlapwithmorpheme)3.2ClassificationofwordsØInflectiveendings:variableandinvariableWordslikefollow,matarevariable,seldom,helloareinvariable.ØMeaning:grammatical(function)andlexical
5、(content)Functionwordsareconj.prep.art.;contentwordsaren.v.a.adv.etc.ØMembershiplimit:openclassandclosedclass(prepquiteopen)9ChapterⅢLexiconØFunction(wordclass,partsofspeech):n.pron.v.a.adv.prep.conj.etc.ØNewcategories:Particles(to,not),auxiliaries(can,be,will,have,do),pro-form(pro-adj,pro-verb,pr
6、o-adv,pro-locative),determiners(pre-,central,post-)3.3Wordformation3.3.1MorphemeØDefinition:thesmallestmeaningfulunitinalanguage.ØTypesofmorphemes·Capacityofoccurringalone:freeandboundForexample,inspeaker,speakisafreemorphemewhile-erisbound.·Partinaword:root,affixandstemArootisthebasicpartofaword,
7、whichmayoccuronitsown.Itcanbeaboundmorpheme(-ceive,-mit,-tain,-cur).Arootmayalsohaveboundvariants(slept,children)Astemisanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaninflectionalaffixcanbeadded.Astemisthepartofawor
