ch9：PLANNING AND ESTIMATING

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1、Object-OrientedSoftwareEngineeringDuanenzeduanenze@126.comCHAPTER9PLANNINGANDESTIMATINGOverviewPlanningandthesoftwareprocess/计划活动与软件过程Estimatingdurationandcost/估算项目周期和成本Componentsofasoftwareprojectmanagementplan软件项目管理计划的组成Softwareprojectmanagementplanframew

2、ork软件项目管理计划的框架IEEEsoftwareprojectmanagementplanIEEE软件项目管理计划OverviewPlanningtesting/对测试进行计划Planningobject-orientedprojects对面向对象项目进行计划Trainingrequirements/培训需求Documentationstandards/文档标准CASEtoolsforplanningandestimating计划和估算的CASE工具Testingthesoftwareprojectmana

3、gementplan测试软件项目管理计划PlanningandEstimatingBeforestartingtobuildsoftware,itisessentialtoplantheentiredevelopmenteffortindetail在开始构造软件之前，必须精心计划整个开发过程Planningcontinuesduringdevelopmentandthenpostdeliverymaintenance项目计划必须自始自终贯彻到项目的开发过程和维护过程当中Initialplanningisnote

4、nough/初始计划是不充分的Planningmustproceedthroughouttheproject/随着项目的进行，计划必须进行改进Theearliestpossibletimethatdetailedplanningcantakeplaceisafterthespecificationsarecomplete规格说明完成之后必须产生详细计划9.1PlanningandtheSoftwareProcessTheaccuracyofestimationincreasesastheprocessproce

5、edsFigure9.1PlanningandtheSoftwareProcess(contd)ExampleCostestimateof$1millionduringtherequirementsworkflowLikelyactualcostisintherange($0.25M,$4M)Costestimateof$1millionattheendoftherequirementsworkflowLikelyactualcostisintherange($0.5M,$2M)Costestimateof$1

6、millionattheendoftheanalysisworkflow(earliestappropriatetime)Likelyactualcostisintherange($0.67M,$1.5M)PlanningandtheSoftwareProcess(contd)Thesefourpointsareshownintheconeofuncertainty（非确定性锥）Figure9.2PlanningandtheSoftwareProcess(contd)Thismodelisold(1976)Es

7、timatingtechniqueshaveimprovedButtheshapeofthecurveislikelytobesimilar9.2EstimatingDurationandCostAccuratedurationestimationiscritical准确估算项目的周期极其重要。Accuratecostestimationiscritical成本估算的准确性是极其重要的[1]Internal,externalcostsTherearetoomanyvariablesforaccurateesti

8、mateofcostordurationHumanFactorsSackman(1968)measureddifferencesofupto28to1betweenpairsofprogrammersHecomparedmatchedpairsofprogrammerswithrespecttoProductsize（6：1）Productexecutiontime（8：1）Devel