中科大综合英语听力教程Unit 11

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1、5UnitElevenLifeandSelf-fulfillmentPartIIndividualsandFamily☺Task3Manystudieshavebeenmadeinanefforttodeterminethecausesofdelinquency.Mostofthesehavefocusedonfamilyrelationshipsoronneighborhoodorcommunityconditions.Theresultsoftheseinvestigationshaveshownthatitisdoubtfulthatanychildbecomesad

2、elinquentforanysinglereason.Familyrelationships,especiallythosebetweenparentsandindividualchildren,havebeenthefocusofseveraldelinquencystudies.Anearlystudycomparingdelinquentandnondelinquentbrothersshowedthatover90percentofthedelinquentshadunhappyhomelivesandfeltdiscontentedwiththeirlifeci

3、rcumstances.Only13percentoftheirbrothersfeltthisway.Whateverthenatureofthedelinquents'unhappiness,delinquencyappearedtothemtobeasolution.Itbroughtattentiontoyouthsneglectedbytheirparents,orapprovalbydelinquentfriends,oritsolvedproblemsofanunhappyhomelifeinotherways.Morerecentstudieshaverev

4、ealedthatmanydelinquentshadparentswithwhomtheydidnotgetalongorwhowereinconsistentintheirpatternsofdisciplineandpunishment.Neighborhoodconditionshavebeenstressedinstudiesbysociologists.Manyoftheseinquiriesconcentrateondifferingratesofdelinquency,ratherthanonthewayindividualsbecomedelinquent

5、s.Aseriesofstudieshaveshownthatdelinquencyratesareaboveaverageinthepoorestsectionsofcities.Suchareashavemanybrokenhomesandahighrateofalcoholism.Theyalsohavepoorschools,highunemployment,fewrecreationalfacilities,andhighcrimerates.Manyyoungpeopleseedelinquencyastheironlyescapefromboredom,pov

6、erty,andotherproblems.Socialscientistshavealsostudiedtheinfluenceofotheryoungstersonthosewhocommitdelinquencies.Forexample,theypointoutthatmostyoungsterswhoengageindelinquentbehaviordosowithotherjuvenilesandofteninorganizedgangs.Studiesindicatethatthecausesofdelinquencyalsoextendtoawholeso

7、ciety.Forexample,delinquencyratestendtobehighamongthelow-incomegroupsinsocietieswheremostpeoplearewell-to-do.Thepainofbeingpoorandlivinginslumconditionsisfeltmorestronglyinarichsocietythaninapoorone.Questions:1.Astothecausesofdelinquency,whichofthefollowinghav