国际贸易理论与实务Ch.7 Promotion

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1、CHAPTER7EXPORTPROMOTIONANDOTHERPOLICIESExportSubsidyandProductionSubsidyOtherExportPromotionPoliciesExportRestrictionsandImportPromotionPoliciesTradeSanctions1.ExportsubsidyanditseffectsApaymentbythegovernmenttoencouragetheexportofspecifiedproducts.(1)Directexpor

2、tsubsidyandindirctexportsubsidyDirectexportsubsidy:pricesubsidyandincomesubsidyPricesubsidy:(i)Paymentmadeagainsttheexportvalueorquantum.(ii)Paymentforthedifferencebetweenthedomesticpriceandtheinternationalmarketpriceofanexport.Incomesubsidy:Paymentforexportlosse

3、s.§1ExportSubsidyandProductionSubsidyIndirectsubsidyisintendedtoencourageanation’sexportsbyreducingthepricepaidbyforeigners.Specialtaxexemptionssuchasexporttaxrebateandtheprovisionofcapitalatfavoredrates,etc.Since1985,Chinahasadoptedtaxrebatesforexportingenterpri

4、ses.Thecentralgovernmentpaysbackacertainproportionoftheconsumptiontaxesandvalueaddedtax(VAT)totheenterprisesaftertheypaytaxesforexportedgoodsIn1994,ChinaestablishedtheExport-ImportBankofChina(ChinaEximbank)toprovideexportseller’scredit(toChineseexporters)andexpor

5、tbuyer’scredit(toforeignimporters)atrateslowerthancommercialrates.(2)TheeffectsofanexportsubsidyWelfareConsumer:-a-b；Producer:a+b+c；Subsidy:-b-c-d；Whole:-b-d0D2D1S1S2QX2SabcdX1DPPw+sPwsFirmsreceivesaSpaymentperunitiftheyexport.Domesticsuppliershasanincentivetoexp

6、ort.Figure7-2EffectsofanexportsubsidyinasmallcountryTheywillselltothehomemarketonlyifthehomepriceequalsPw+s.RESULT:reducesthequantitysoldindomesticmarkethome,increasesdomesticmarketpricetoPw+s,increasesproducer’ssupply,leadingtoincreasedexportsX2.0D2D1S1S2PP’W+sP

7、WP’WSDab’cd’hefgFigure7-2EffectsofanexportsubsidyinalargecountryWithasubsidybeinginplaceinalargecountry,worldpricedropstoP’W.Thedomesticsupplierhasanincentivetoexport.TheywillnotselltothehomemarketunlessthehomepriceequalsP’w+s.sConsumer:-a-b’；X2Whole:-b’-e-f-d’-g

8、Producer:a+b’+c；Subsidy:-b’-c-d’-e-f-gX1Theactualdeadweightlossofthelargecountryisgreaterthanthatofthesmallcountry.2.ProductionsubsidyanditseffectApaymentmadeb