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1、ThetermEnglishliteraturereferstoliteraturewrittenintheEnglishlanguage,includingliteraturecomposedinEnglishbywritersnotnecessarilyfromEngland;JosephConradwasPolish,RobertBurnswasScottish,JamesJoycewasIrish,DylanThomaswasWelsh,EdgarAllanPoewasAmerican,SalmanRushd
2、ieisIndian,V.S.NaipaulwasborninTrinidad,VladimirNabokovwasRussian.Inotherwords,EnglishliteratureisasdiverseasthevarietiesanddialectsofEnglishspokenaroundtheworld.Inacademia,thetermoftenlabelsdepartmentsandprogrammespractisingEnglishstudiesinsecondaryandtertiary
3、educationalsystems.DespitethevarietyofauthorsofEnglishliterature,theworksofWilliamShakespeareremainparamountthroughouttheEnglish-speakingworld.ThisarticleprimarilydealswithliteraturefromBritainwritteninEnglish.ForliteraturefromspecificEnglish-speakingregions,co
4、nsulttheseealsosectionatthebottomofthepage.Contents[hide]1OldEnglish2Renaissanceliterature3EarlyModernperiod3.1ElizabethanEra3.2Jacobeanliterature3.3CarolineandCromwellianliterature3.4Restorationliterature3.5Augustanliterature418thcentury5Romanticism6Victorianl
5、iterature7Modernism8Post-modernliterature9ViewsofEnglishliterature10Seealso11ExternallinksOldEnglishMainarticle:Anglo-SaxonliteratureThefirstworksinEnglish,writteninOldEnglish,appearedintheearlyMiddleAges(theoldestsurvivingtextisCædmon'sHymn).Theoraltraditionwa
6、sverystronginearlyBritishcultureandmostliteraryworkswerewrittentobeperformed.Epicpoemswerethusverypopularandmany,includingBeowulf,havesurvivedtothepresentdayintherichcorpusofAnglo-Saxonliteraturethatcloselyresembletoday'sNorwegianor,betteryet,Icelandic.MuchAngl
7、o-Saxonverseintheextantmanuscriptsisprobablya"milder"adaptationoftheearlierVikingandGermanwarpoemsfromthecontinent.WhensuchpoetrywasbroughttoEnglanditwasstillbeinghandeddownorallyfromonegenerationtoanother,andtheconstantpresenceofalliterativeverse,orconsonantrh
8、yme(today'snewspaperheadlinesandmarketingabundantlyusethistechniquesuchasinBigisBetter)helpedtheAnglo-Saxonpeoplesrememberit.SuchrhymeisafeatureofGermaniclanguagesandisoppos
