翻译笔记-翻译理论与实践

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1、1．翻译的定义和内涵：（DefinitionandConnotation）Translationisanart/science/craft?2．中国几位翻译家的理论（influentialtranslationprinciples）严复：信达雅—faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance.The“threecharacterguide”isregardedasaplumb-lineoflongstandingtomeasuretheprofessionalleveloftranslating.傅雷：神似—spiritualconformity,Emphasiz

2、ingthereproductionofthespiritoftheflavoroftheoriginal.强调原作神韵再现。钱钟书：化境—sublimedadaptation.Focusonthetranslator’ssmoothandidiomaticChineseversionforthesakeoftheChinesereader.刘重德：信、达、切—faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3．中国翻译史上的论争鲁迅：宁信而不顺---rathertobefaithfulthansmooth。目的：引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深：宁顺而不信-

3、--rathertobesmooththanfaithful目的：可读性强，便于交流。4．直译与意译直译：literaltranslation；意译：freetranslation直译的例子：crocodiletears鳄鱼的眼泪；armedtotheteeth武装到牙齿；chainreaction连锁反应；gentlemen’sagreement君子协定onecountry,twosystems一国两制；Thethreereligionsandthenineschoolsofthought三教九流；papertiger纸老虎；Breathone’slast断气；gotoone’sexte

4、rnalrest安息；thelongsleep长眠；seeMarx见马克思；gowest上西天；gotoheaven上天堂；blowoutthecandles吹灯拔蜡；kickthebucket蹬腿：Youcankickeverythingbutyoucannotkickthebucket直译不等于死译(deadtranslation):街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生。Womeninthestreetshouldbecalledontodosomecleaning.“Inthestreet”shouldbereplacedby“inthecommunity”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹

5、：Shegotupearly,wenttothetownandsawherpublicfather.Publicfathershouldbefatherinlaw.意译的例子：Itrainscatsanddogs/atsixesandsevens/Adam’sapple句子比较：Littlefishdoesnoteatbigfish直译：小鱼不吃大鱼；意译：胳膊拧不过大腿试译：天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福直译：Stormsgatherwithoutwarninginnatureandbadluckbefallsmenovernight.意译：Theweatherandhumanlifeare

6、bothunpredictable有人说，翻译是带着镣铐跳舞（translationislikedancinginfetters）；还有人说，翻译像女人，忠实的不漂亮，漂亮的不忠实。实际上，忠实与通顺的关系是辩证关系。5．归化与异化（domestication/adaptationorforeignization/alienation）归化的翻译在理论上是把语言看作交际工具；在实践上，强调通俗易懂，避免多义或歧义。习惯认为，当原文与译文之间因文化差异而出现不能通达的情况时，“要用译语文化替代原语文化”即把在译语中找不到对等的外语词汇改头换面，或套用译语中与之相似的现成的表达法，把它们变成读

7、者熟悉的译语文化形象。归化派代表人物尤金•奈达（EugeneA.Nida）:FunctionalEquivalence功能对等Whatisfunctionalequivalence?“Thereceptorsofthetranslatedtextcouldrespondtoitwithcomprehensionandappreciationinessentiallythesamemannerandtothesamedeg