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1、ThetraditionofAntiessentialismmaybeseenasthemotivationbehindthetheoryofartcalled,allinclusively,theArtworldTheory.Artworldtheorists,suchasArthurDantoandGeorgeDickie,arguethatAntiessentialismisincorrect,thatartisnotindefinable.Theyarguethatwhiletheremaynotbeanaturecommont
2、oallartworksperse-thatis,asobjects-thereissomethingcommontoallartworks:theirpositionintheArtworld.PartofwhatissointerestinginthisArtworldtraditionistheshiftthatwearehereencountering.(1)Atthebeginning,artwassimplyimitationofnature.Thiswasanobjectivedefinition;"objective"b
3、ecauseitputtheonusforthedeterminationofwhethersomethingwasartontheobject.iftheobjectwasanimitationofnature,thenitwasart.(2)Next,weseeinRomanticismandExpressionismashifttowardthesubjective:Objectsareartatleastpartlybecausetheyareintendedbytheartisttobeartand/orproducesome
4、effectintheaudience.(3)InFormalism,weseeashiftbacktowardobjectivismthroughtheattempttodeterminethestatusoftheobjectmerelyonthebasisontheobjectitself.Whilethereareobviouscross-overstothereceptionofobjectivepropertiesbytheobject'saudience-asinthecaseofBell'sSignificantForm
5、-thefocusisstillprincipallyontheobjectandthepropertiesitpossesses.(4)Andnow—ifwecanleapfrogAntiessentialism—theArtworldtheoristsmakeanothershift,thistimebacktothesubjective:Theshifthereisnottowardtheindividual,however,buttowardthecollectivebodyofsubjects,orthecollectiveb
6、odyofallviewers,hearers,andsoforth.Thisconstantshiftingbetweentheobjectasdeterminerofitsstatus,theartistasdeterminer,andtheaudienceasdeterminerisinterestingbecauseitdemonstratesaneedtofindsomelastingandstable,thoughaccessible,foundationuponwhichtobuildatheoryofart.Thisla
7、stshift,theshifttowardthecollectivesubject,isthetopicforthislastsectioninourattempttofindtheanswertothequestion,WhatisArt?课程论文要求一、阅读以上材料，自拟题目写一篇不少于3500字的论文。二、论文模块如下：论文题目姓名______学号______班级_______专业______论文正文三、论文一律采用脚注，注释要详细，文末无须参考文献。四、论文用小4号字排版，A4纸打印。五、一旦发现抄袭，论文作零分处理。六、论文
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