中西文化比较与说服PersuasiontheComparativeCultural

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1、中西文化比较与说服Persuasion:theComparativeCulturalApproachGongWenxiang龚文庠1Outline讨论主题Persuasion:ThecomparativeCulturalApproachI.CulturalDifferences文化差异问题II.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCultures中西文化差异III.ComparisonofPersuasioninChineseandWesternCultures中西说服方式的比较IV.Concl

2、usion:StereotypingandFraming结论刻板印象与互看2I.CulturalDifferences文化差异问题：1.文化的定义太多。概括generalization总很危险，因有例外。（stereotypes）2.文化间的同和异：universalsvs.differences同大于异：80%以上是同：CorevaluesPhysicalattributes:（facialexpressions,gestures）人类可以沟通，而人与动物之间很难。Foreigncultureisjustthe“other”c

3、ulture.Purposefordiscussingdifferences讨论差异的作用：减少误解，克服交流的障碍。Relationshipbetweencultureandsystems文化特质与制度的关系：同一文化可以产生不同的制度3II.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCultures深层差异（涉及人生观、价值观）；表层差异（饮食、衣着、性格…）Deep-structuralvs.super-structuraldifferences主要的深层差异：basicassumptions重

4、个人——重群体。Cliché：Individualismvs.collectivism,asexpressedinGeertHofstede’sworks.4II.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternCulturesdeepstructuraldifferencesvs.super-structuraldifferencesbasicassumptions原罪——性善Originalsinvs.naturalgoodness人性之善也，犹水之就下也。人无有不善，水无有不下。《孟子·告子章句上》5

5、深层差异导致一系列后果西方：Regulationoriented重制度中国：Moraleducationoriented重道德教育西方：法治ruleoflaw（性恶）中国：人治、德政ruleofman-virtue（性善）陈独秀：中国历来轻视功利货殖的道德风尚靠不住。“以君子始，以小人终。”(Westernersseemselfishatthebeginning,butactlikegentlemenattheend)西方社会重实利，崇法治，“以独立之生计，成独立之人格，各守分际，不相侵渔。”“以小人始，以君子终。”(Chine

6、semouthbeautifulwordsatthebeginning,butendupwithfightingoverselfinterests.)（《东西民族根本思想之差异》，《新青年》一卷四号）6深层差异导致一系列后果West西方：TodoubttheAuthorityChina中国：ToworshiptheAuthority7AncientGreekTraditionalTheGreeksdespisedthepracticebywhichsubjectscomingintothepresenceofanoriental

7、rulerprostratedthemselves:anintolerableformofinequalitybetweencitizensandtheirrulers.Overtwothousandyearslater,weinheritpreciselythesamereflexrejectionofprostration,partlybecauseithasbecometheimagebywhichChristianityrecognizesthedistancebetweenthehumanandthedivine.8P

8、ostersFanaticCultDuringthe1960’sinChina9PolishPoliticalCartoonsBushCartoonsSatireonline:U.S.PresidentialElection10关于人治和法治的语录孟子：善政