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1、MotivationforDistributionConcurrentObject-OrientedBene tsofdistributedcomputing:NetworkProgrammingwithC++{Collaboration!connectivityandinterworking{Performance!multi-processingandlocalityDouglasC.Schmidt{Reliabilityandavailability!replicationWashington
2、University,St.Louis{Scalabilityandportability!modularity{Extensibility!dynamiccon gurationandrecon- gurationhttp://www.cs.wustl.edu/schmidt/schmidt@cs.wustl.edu{Coste ectiveness!opensystemsandresourcesharing12CaveatsChallengesandSolutionsOOandC++areno
3、tapanaceaDevelopingecient,robust,andextensibledistributedapplicationsischallenging{However,whenusedproperlytheyhelpminimizeaccidental"complexityandimprovesoftwarequal-{e.g.,mustaddresscomplextopicsthatarelessityproblematicornotrelevantfornon-distribu
4、tedandnon-concurrentapplicationsAdvancedOSfeaturesprovideadditionalfunc-tionalityandperformance,e.g.,Object-oriented(OO)techniquesandC++languagefeaturesenhancedistributedsoft-{Multi-threadingwarequalityfactors{Multi-processing{KeyOOtechniques!designpa
5、tternsandframe-works{Synchronization{KeyC++languagefeatures!classes,inheritance,dynamicbinding,andparameterizedtypes{Explicitdynamiclinking{Keysoftwarequalityfactors!modularity,exten-{Sharedmemorysibility,portability,reusability,reliability,andcor-rectn
6、ess{CommunicationprotocolsandIPCmechanisms34SoftwareDevelopmentTutorialOutlineEnvironmentOutlinekeychallengesfordevelopingdis-Thetopicsdiscussedherearelargelyinde-tributedapplicationspendentofOS,network,andprogramminglanguagePresentanOOdesignandimple
7、mentation{CurrentlybeingusedonUNIXandWindowsNTofthefollowingcommunicationapplications:platforms,runningonTCP/IPandIPX/SPXnet-works,writteninC++1.DistributedLogger2.Application-levelGatewayExamplesillustratedwithfreelyavailableADAP-TIVECommunicationEnvi
8、ronment(ACE)OOtoolkitBothsingle-threadedandmulti-threadedso-{AlthoughACEiswritteninC++,theprincipleslutionsaregivenapplytootherOOlanguages56Stand-alonevs.DistributedApplicationArchitecturesSourcesofComplexityPRINTERCOMPUTERDist
