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1、名词用法讲解一、名词的定义名词:名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。Lily(人),desk(事),London(地),time(抽)二、名词的分类1、名词分为专有名词和普通名词专有名词:表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称。MarkTwain,China,EiffelTower…普通名词:表示某些人、某类事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。worker,tree,water,peace…1)个体名词:表示单个的人或事物。car,horse,fan…2)集体名词:表示一群人或一类事物的名称。family,class,police,army,people
2、…3)物质名词:表示具体的物质或不确定形状和大小物质。air,water,tea,fire…4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念。health,love,friendship…注意:个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,物质和抽象名词是不可数名词。2、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词:可数名词有单复数之分,表示一个或多个。1)abook,anapple,tenbirds,threehundredandsixty-fivedays…2)few/afew/some/many/lotsof/alotof/anumberof…people不可数名词:不分单复
3、数。1)acupofcoffee,threeglassesoftea…2)little/alittle/some/much/lotsof/alotof/agreatdealof…water兼作可数名词和不可数名词:有少数词既可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词,但含义不同。paper(纸)—apaper(报纸/文件)glass(玻璃)—aglass(玻璃杯)room(空间)—aroom(房间)wood(木头)—awood(树林)iron(铁)—aniron(熨斗)chicken(鸡肉)—achicken(小鸡)lamb(羊肉)—alamb(小羊)work(工作
4、)—awork(著作/艺术品)youth(青春)—ayouth(青年)tea(茶)—atea(一杯茶)beauty(美)—abeauty(美人)hair(头发)—ahair(一根头发)food(食物)—foods(多种食物)fruit(水果)—fruits(多种水果)time(时间)—times(时代)water(水)—waters(水域)sand(沙)—sands(沙滩)orange(橙汁)—anorange(橙子)……三、名词的数1、不可数名词:一般无单复数之分。maths,physics,glass…2、可数名词:可数名词有单复数之分,其构成规则如下:
5、1)一般情况下,在名词后直接加-s。books,chairs,pens,cups…2)以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词加-es。buses,boxes,watches,dishes,但stomachs3)以-o结尾的名词。Tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,Negroesphotos,pianos,zoos…4)以-y结尾的名词。Baby—babies,family—families,study--studiesdays,boys,monkeys…5)以-f或-fe结尾的名词。①life—lives,knife—knives,wife—w
6、ives(thief,shelf,leaf,half,self,loaf,calf…)②roof—roofs,safe—safes,chief—chiefs(proof,belief,grief,gulf,serf,reef)6)不规则变化:man—men,woman—women,policeman—policemen,policewoman—policewomen…foot—feet,tooth—teeth,goose—geesesheep—sheep,deer—deer,people—peoplechild—children,mouse—mice,ox—
7、oxenChinese—ChineseJapanese—JapaneseGerman—GermansFrenman--Frenchmen3、单复数的习惯用法1)物质和抽象名词通常只用单数①常见的物质名词有:water,fire,earth,wood,brick,glass,coal,cotton,steel,silver,copper,iron,cloth,paper,money,smoke,grass,wind,rain,snow,air,oxygen,ice,chalk,coffee,sugar,tea,soup,fruit,sweat,soap,ink
8、,oil,salt,meat,food,rice,w