欧美语言学句法树练习

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1、Exercise(p60)Exercise9Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrawthetreestructuresAcrippledpassengerlandedtheairplanewithextremecaution.IPI’NPIVPV’VNPDETN’NDetN’AN’NAcrippledpassengerpstlandtheairplanePPV’P’PNPwithN’AN’ext

2、remeNcautionAhugemoonhungintheblacksky.IPI’NPIVPV’V’PPP’PNPDetN’AN’DetN’AN’NNAhugemoonpstVhungintheblackskyThemanexaminedhiscarcarefullyyesterdayIPI’NPIVPV’V’NPDetN’DetN’NNThemanVexaminehiscarV’AdvPAdvPAdvAdvcarefullyyesterdaypstV’AwoodenhutnearthelakecallapsedinthestormIPI’NPIVPV’V

3、’PPP’PNPDetN’DetN’ANNAwoodenhutpstVcallapsethestormN’PPP’PNPnearDetN’theNlakeN’in10.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences..JimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpantsIPI’NPIVPV’VNPDetN’NNNCONNJimhaswashedtheshirtsandpantsN’APdirtyHelenputo

4、nherclothesandwentoutIPNPI’IVPVPCONVPV’VNPV’V’AdvVHelenpstputonherclothesandwentoutMaryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatisticsIPI’NPIVPV’VAPAPCONAPA’APPA’APPMarypresisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics11.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb

5、,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.YouknowthatIhatewar.IPNPI’IVPV’VCPC’CIPYoupresknowthatIhatewarHesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.IPNPI’IVPV’VCPC’CIPIPNPI’IVPV’VCPHePstsaidthatTomPstaskedwhethertheclasswasoverGerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnafl

6、unkedtheEnglishexam同位语从句作为名词的complementIPI’NPIVPV’VNPDETN’CPNCPC’CIPGerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexamChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-RoyceIPI’NPIVPV’VAPA’ACPCPC’CIPChrispstwashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-RoyceThechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwing

7、s.IPI’NPIVPV’VPPP’PCPCPC’CIPI’NPIVPV’VNPDetN’NThechildrenpstarguedoverwhetherbatspsthad12.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.TheessaythathewrotewastoolongIPI’NPIVPV’VAPN’DetN’CPC’NPCIPI’NPIVPV’VNP

8、A’AdvA’ATheNessayhe