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1、水利水电技术第40卷2009年第1期大坝对长江流域洄游鱼类的影响12易雨君,王兆印(1北京师范大学环境学院水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100875;2清华大学水利水电工程系水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084)摘要:大坝的隔离,使长江与通江湖泊的关系受到威胁,洄游性鱼类失去了原有丰富的栖息地,直接影响到一些江湖洄游性鱼类的生长与繁殖。根据对不同时期的渔获物组成、三口分流水量和分流比、中游及洞庭湖鱼苗产量、四大家鱼产量、四大家鱼在鱼类资源中的比例和监利四大家鱼鱼苗径流量的统计分析,得出了大坝对以四大家鱼为代表的江湖洄游性鱼类资源量的影响。结果表明,大坝对长江中
2、下游鱼类物种组成和丰度有一定影响,优势物种趋于集中,大坝对水文规律的调节对鱼类的产卵量有一定不利影响,江湖关系的连通度决定着洄游性鱼类的生长与繁殖。为降低工程对生态的影响,水库的运行,特别是在产卵期应结合生态的需要,应进行优化调度。关键词:长江;大坝;江湖关系;三口分流;栖息地;洄游鱼类;四大家鱼中图分类号:S9646文献标识码:A文章编号:10000860(2009)01002905ImpactfromdamconstructiononmigrationfishesinYangtzeRiverBasin12YIYujun,WANGZhaoyin(1School
3、ofEnvironment,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875,China;2StateKeyLaboratoryofHydroscienceandEngineering,DepartmentofHydraulicEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:DamsconstructedontheYangtzeRiverBasinhaveendangeredtheconnectivitybetweentheriverandthelakesalongitandthenled
4、themigrationfishestolosetheiroriginalrichhabitatswiththedirectimpactontheirreproductionandgrowthBasedonthedatasuchasthecatchcompositionsatdifferentperiods,theflowrateanddiversionratioofdivertingflowtothreeoutlets(Songcikou,TaipingkouandOuchikou),thefishfryoutputsfromthemidreachoftheYangtzeRiveran
5、dDongtingLake,theoutputofthefourdomesticfishes(BlackCarp,GrassCarp,SilverCarpandBigheadCarp)andtheirproportioninfishresources,thestatisticalanalysisonthefishfryrunoffofthefourdomesticfishesatJianliReachoftheriver,theimpactsfromthedamconstructionontheresourcesofthemigrationfishesrepresentedbythefour
6、domesticfishesareobtainedThestudyresultshowsthatthedamconstructionhasacertaininfluenceonthecompositionandabundanceofthefishspeciesofthemiddownstreamoftheriveralongwiththegradualconcentrationofthedominantspecies,andhasacertainadverseimpactonthehydrologicallawandthespawningoffish,furthermore,thecon
7、nectivityoftheriverlakerelationdominatesthereproductionandgrowthofthemigrationfishesaswellInordertoreducetheimpactformtheprojectconcernedontheecologicalsystem,theoperationofreservoirmustbeoptimallyoperate
